When we travel long distances, we have individual meetings. The dry food we bring is best for light weight and especially for hunger. The same is true for new energy vehicles. The battery is like the dry food of a new energy vehicle. How far the car can run depends on how long the battery can last. Is it enough to install a few more batteries? No, the body size is limited, and the battery itself has a weight, so it is best to use the battery small, light and useful. For China's new energy auto companies, the battery is the biggest problem. How to solve this problem? Xiaobian also had a brainstorming time ago to make a pure electric car change battery action: Can Tesla replace the exhausted battery like a four-wheel drive?
The cruising range of an electric car can be regarded as a pain in the hearts of all car owners. Even if it is already an old driver in the battlefield, it can not avoid the trouble of mileage anxiety. But have you ever thought that sometimes mileage anxiety is not the fault of the car? So today, Xiaobian will talk to you about the things that affect the cruising range of electric vehicles.
At the Guangzhou International Auto Show not long ago, the proportion of new energy vehicles accounted for about 13% of the vehicles on display, and it has become a hot spot of concern. For a long time, “mileage anxiety†has made consumers “not easy to say that it is not easy to love you†for domestic electric vehicles. Most domestic electric vehicles in China have a cruising range of about 200 kilometers, which cannot meet the daily needs of consumers.
However, Shenzhen BYD's 2016 E6 pure electric vehicle has a cruising range of more than 400 kilometers, which is comparable to Tesla, which is popular among consumers around the world. So, how does E6 achieve such a long cruising range?
At present, a large part of taxis in Shenzhen and Hong Kong use the BYD E6. As a leading company in new energy vehicles, BYD has a natural advantage. People in the industry know that power batteries are the heart of electric cars. Since 2003, BYD, who started the battery, began to study how to put the battery on the car. Every electric vehicle in BYD is the result of repeated communication and communication between vehicle designers and battery developers. This close cooperation throughout the R&D process is the key to the success of BYD's electric vehicles.
In 2015, BYD's new energy vehicle market share was about 11%. Today, BYD has surpassed Tesla to become the world's largest new energy vehicle manufacturer. However, nationwide, compared with traditional fuel vehicles, the performance of China's self-developed new energy vehicles is not so satisfactory. According to statistics, in 2016, China's new energy vehicles accounted for 6.2% of the new car market in Beijing, and the share of the unrestricted area was only 0.1%. The reason for this situation is that the mileage of electric vehicles in China is generally low; on the other hand, the cost of purchasing and using electric vehicles is high. Take BYD E6 as an example, the official guide price is about 300,000 yuan, plus the state and local financial subsidies, consumers must also buy 180,000 yuan. At present, China's new energy vehicle subsidy policy is implementing a declining mechanism, and subsidies are decreasing year by year. Therefore, reducing costs and reducing dependence on state subsidy policies have become the biggest challenges for the domestic electric vehicle industry.
On the one hand, we must strive to improve the cruising range; on the one hand, we must continuously reduce the cost of electric vehicles, which has become two major challenges facing the domestic electric vehicle industry. The key to solving these two problems lies in the materials used in the power battery. The higher the energy density of the material, the more electricity it can store, and the longer the cruising range of the electric vehicle, the lower the cost. For example, Tesla produced in the United States uses nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary materials with an energy density of about 230 watt-hours per kilogram, while more than 90% of electric vehicles in China currently use lithium iron phosphate, with the highest energy density. Can reach 140 wh / kg. For example, an electric car needs to have a cruising range of 400 kilometers. The use of lithium iron phosphate material requires about 600 kilograms of battery. The use of Tesla's ternary material battery is about 400 kilograms. The problem caused by the low energy density of the battery is that in order to pursue a longer cruising range, it is necessary to install more batteries, and more batteries are added, which will increase the weight of the vehicle body, and the power consumption during driving increases, resulting in an increase in the use cost.
Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will soon introduce "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Automotive Power Battery Industry". By 2020, the power battery unit will have a specific energy of 350Wh/kg, and the current energy of most power batteries in China is about 140wh/kg. The specific energy of the power battery used by Tesla is about 230 wh/kg. If China can achieve the goal of 350 Wh/kg in 2020, it has an extraordinary significance for China's new energy automobile industry.
To achieve such a goal, it means using high energy density ternary materials as power batteries, becoming an inevitable choice for the new energy automotive industry. However, due to the safety of lithium iron phosphate battery and the low safety of ternary materials, China's previous technical route is to give priority to the development of lithium iron phosphate batteries, and after the market has a certain degree of acceptance of electric vehicles, then develop three Meta material battery. Therefore, domestic related companies started late in research and development of high-nickel ternary materials, and the technology maturity was relatively low. At present, the ternary material battery vehicles that can be mass-produced are extremely limited. It can be said that the three-year battery energy density from 140 to 350 wh / kg span, is a big challenge for the entire industry, the first is the battery material company.
It is understood that BYD is currently developing a power battery for ternary materials. It is expected that electric vehicles with ternary materials will be available in two years. In the development process, they need to maintain close contact with the upstream material company Betray. Shenzhen Beitray New Energy Materials Co., Ltd. is an important partner of BYD. It develops and produces all kinds of materials needed for power batteries. In addition to BYD, Samsung, LG in Korea, and Panasonic in Japan, it purchases battery materials from here. .
This black powder is a nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary material. For Betray, the production of high-quality nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary materials is no longer a high-tech problem. Nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary materials are not only developed. It has been successful, and this year has reached the level of mass production. Although at present, major domestic material companies are also intensively researching high-nickel ternary materials, but the scale of mass production is still very rare.
In 2010, Betray invested nearly 100 million yuan to establish a new energy technology research institute to enhance independent research and development and innovation capabilities. We will use the model developed jointly with major international customers such as Samsung and Panasonic to realize product innovation. Thanks to the close cooperation with international customers, Betray has become the leader of domestic materials companies in keeping with the international pace. At the time when the country proposed the strategic goal of 2020 energy density, Betray was ready. Tesla uses a high-nickel ternary material battery produced by Matsushita of Japan, and Betray is one of Panasonic's important suppliers.
It can be said that the current new energy materials industry is like a technological innovation competition. Betray has maintained a half-step rhythm faster than domestic counterparts in recent years. The core resources of raw materials such as graphite in battery materials are mainly concentrated in China. However, for a long time, China's original materials have been exported to Japan, South Korea and other countries at very low prices. After processing and purification, etc. Imported back at a price ten or more times higher than the price of raw materials.
Since its inception in 2000, Betray has been developing high-tech finished materials with technological content and trying to sell these finished materials abroad. At the time, the world's top battery manufacturers were concentrated in Japan and South Korea, and their global market share was over 70%. In order to grow and develop, Betray must win these international customers. At the beginning, South Korea's Samsung became their breakthrough. Before 2008, Samsung never considered importing deep-processed finished materials from China. However, in the 2008 financial crisis, they had to start looking for battery materials that were relatively inexpensive but guaranteed quality.
In the first year of cooperation with Samsung, Betray grew rapidly in painful running-in. In the field of new energy materials, Betray has more than 100 invention patents, and broke the monopoly of foreign companies in lithium battery anode materials, achieving the world's first leap in the market share of anode materials. In the past few years, Betray has successively won the Gold Awards from Samsung, LG, Panasonic, Sony and other companies. Among them, Panasonic and Samsung are the first to award the Quality Gold Award to China's material companies.
However, from the perspective of the entire industrial chain of electric vehicles, although China's material technology has reached the international leading level, in terms of power battery manufacturing and battery system integration, there is still a certain gap with international top companies. To truly achieve the goal of 350 wh/kg in 2020, it can be said that there is a long way to go. It requires the joint efforts and continuous innovation of relevant enterprises to realize it.
New energy vehicles are an emerging industry, but the healthy development of the industry also requires cost reduction, short-term replacement, lower production costs, and technical shortcomings. At present, there are not many enterprises in China that can master the core technology of ternary material power battery. According to statistics, since 2015, China’s new investment in the field of power batteries has exceeded 100 billion yuan, and the number of power battery companies has soared from 50 at the end of 2014 to nearly 150 in 2016, growing to the original level. Nearly 3 times. Under the huge growth rate, there is a risk of low-end overcapacity. Based on this, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has raised industrial standards and increased the difficulty of technological innovation. Those enterprises with low technical level and backwardness will be eliminated by the market, and enterprises with core technologies will survive the big reshuffle and achieve Chinese brands.
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