Optical communication technology is one of the few technologies that can maintain sustainable development in a series of harsh social and economic environments such as the European debt crisis in 2011, the earthquake and nuclear leakage in Japan, the floods in Thailand, and the war in Libya. The global optical communications equipment market is expected to grow by 7% over 2010; it is estimated that the global optical fiber market will grow by more than 10% and fiber shipments will exceed 200 million kilometers; It is estimated that the sales revenue of major foreign optical device manufacturers will still increase by 10% -20%. From a technical perspective, optical communication technology has made greater progress than in 2010.
Super high speed, super large capacity,
Ultra-long-distance technology research progresses faster
At present, the mainstream equipment in the core network is DWDM based on 10Gb / s. DWDM equipment and systems based on 40Gb / s have begun small-scale commercial use at home and abroad. DWDM systems based on 100Gb / s have already constructed pilot projects abroad. Mainly in the stage of testing and verification. In order to adapt to the application of super channel (supper channel) in DWDM, related flexible grid technology is being researched. In order to adapt to the packet transmission, PTN technology has been widely used on the Internet; packet OTN technology is under development. In addition, research on ultra-high speed, ultra-large capacity, and ultra-long-distance technologies has made rapid progress in the laboratory. For example, the speed of a single light source super channel has reached 26Tb / s, which is equivalent to transmitting about 700 DVD discs in 1 second. The maximum capacity of a single fiber in a commercial system is still less than 10Tb / s, and the laboratory has exceeded the 100Tb / s threshold to 108.76Tb / s, which is equivalent to transmitting 20,000 Encyclopedias in 1 second. The single-span standard for commercial DWDM systems based on 10Gb / s is a maximum of 160km, and individual lines can reach more than 200km; while the laboratory level is 40 & TImes; 112Gb / s, the maximum span of the system reaches 365km. The land-island or island-island communication creates convenient conditions. The maximum distance of the on-site commercial DWDM system based on 10Gb / s DWDM system without regenerative transmission generally does not exceed 4000km; Reaching 10608km has laid a foundation for simplifying the construction and maintenance of trans-ocean optical communication systems. There is still a big gap between the domestic research on the relevant aspects and that abroad, but there are also breakthroughs in individual projects. The rate of the domestic single light source super channel (supper channel) only reaches 2Tb / s, and the maximum capacity of a single optical fiber is 30.72Tb / s (16 & TImes; 1.92Tb / s) in a single C-band, which is the current international The DWDM system with the highest single channel rate and the largest total capacity in the C-band. On December 5, 2011, Wuhan Institute of Posts and Telecommunications successfully implemented 240 Gbit / s coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals on ordinary single-mode fiber without error codes in real time for 48 kilometers in the National Key Laboratory. This is The world's first ultra-100Gb / s ultra-high-speed optical communication transmission test realized by online real-time processing. The competitiveness of China's optical communications manufacturing industry has also been continuously improved. In the "2010-2011 Top 10 Most Competitive Enterprises in Global Optical Communications" list, Chinese companies occupy 3 seats (Huawei, ZTE, FiberHome), Huawei , ZTE and Fiberhome Communications ranked first, fourth and ninth respectively.
Fiber Broadband Access Technology
Rapid development
2011 was a year of rapid development of optical fiber broadband access internationally. Japan had 20.93 million FTTH users at the end of June 2011, and South Korea continued to maintain the number one position in the global FTTH penetration rate. LightReading published a review article stating that China will be the global FTTX construction center. It is estimated that China's FTTX construction volume will account for one-third of the world's total in 2011. China's three major telecom operators continue to exert efforts in the construction of FTTX. China Telecom's PON collects 19 million lines, plus a home gateway, with a scale of 2.5 billion yuan; China Mobile bids for 8 million lines of PON with a scale of 900 million yuan; China Unicom's bidding for PON equipment has reached 25 million lines, with a scale of about 2.5 billion yuan. This is the largest tender since the FTTH construction started. In summary, the centralized bidding volume of PON, the three major telecommunications operators in China, reached 52 million lines and 6 billion yuan in 2011. Together with the self-construction of provincial companies, the market demand for fiber access network equipment in 2011 was 9 billion yuan. 10 billion yuan, nearly doubling in 2010. Due to the rapid decline in costs, the proportion of direct fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) began to increase since 2011. Shanghai alone achieved 1.3 million FTTH users. China Telecom expects that FTTH users will exceed 5 million by the end of 2011. From a technical point of view, the optical access technology that is widely used is still GEPON, but since 2011, GPON has entered large-scale application. 10GEPON's technology and industry chain have matured to the point of large-scale commercial use. In terms of price, its price is expected to be only 5% -20% higher than that of GEPON by the end of 2012. Although the 10GEPON equipment has already begun to ship, it is still mainly a construction test project, and has not yet achieved large-scale market application. The development of 10G GPON technology is divided into two stages, XGPON1 and XGPON2. The G.987 series of XGPON1 standard has been officially released in October 2010. XGPON2 will not be able to smoothly upgrade the network because it does not consider coexistence with the ODN of the existing network. Because the main chip of XGPON1 is still in the FPGA stage, it is still difficult to support large-scale commercial use. In the laboratory, in addition to WDM-PON, 40Gb / s and 100Gb / s TDM-PON, OCDM-PON, OOFDM-PON, coherent technology PON and other technologies are being researched, and the development direction after 10G PON At present, it is not very clear. In order to make the passive optical distribution network ODN easy to install, maintain and manage, an intelligent ODN system is also under study.
New energy industry develop very fast during the past years and also in the future as the government promotes the application of new energy sources, especially new energy vehicles. Affected by environmental protection pressure, the problem of traditional automobile exhaust pollution has been paid more and more attention. The main source of power for new energy vehicles is electric energy. Compared with traditional fossil fuel vehicles, electric vehicles have the advantages of zero emissions, zero pollution and high energy conversion efficiency.
Power Bank Board,Power Bank Pcb Board,Power Bank Circuit Board,Power Supply Circuit Board
Chuangying Electronics Co.,Ltd , https://www.cwpcb.com