The protection of household appliances, in addition to avoiding human damage, the damage caused by many force majeure factors must also take corresponding protective measures, especially the protection of lightning. The lightning current changes from 0 to tens of thousands of amps in a period of 50 to 100 microseconds, and then changes from tens of thousands of amps to 0. A transient strong electromagnetic field is generated in the surrounding space. An object in a strong electromagnetic field that changes in space generates a high induced electromotive force inside it due to electromagnetic induction. In the past, due to its extremely low probability of disaster, it has not attracted people's attention. However, with the significant progress of microelectronics technology, the VLSI was born, its low energy consumption and high sensitivity make it easy to be damaged.
In the building, a large number of conductor lines are arranged. When a building is struck by lightning or a lightning strike occurs around it, lightning current will generate a transient magnetic field pulse in the interior space of the building. When this magnetic field pulse interferes with the above circuit, it will induce transient overvoltage in the loop, endangering these loops. device of. Although the building is well protected against lightning, there is inevitably a dew in the building. For example, large-area windows and doors can allow electromagnetic waves to invade and go free, and transmission lines lead into the room. Even some electrical appliances are used in the open air, so electrical lightning protection should be done.
The power system is at the height of its exposure and is the most vulnerable to lightning strikes. At the beginning of the 20th century, a lightning protection line was created when the power system was applied to the transmission line. The lightning receptor was one or two grounded steel wires that were placed above the transmission line, which is called the "lightning line". Because it is simple and effective, this type of lightning receptor has also been promoted in building construction, and it is installed in a place where lightning strikes are likely to occur in the house, which serves as a lightning protection. Now the power supply line uses underground cables, which has greatly helped lightning protection. However, high-voltage transportation must still be overhead, so lightning protection lines must be used.
Overvoltage protectors are often used to protect electrical appliances. The lightning protection principle is as follows: the protector has two ports, and the electrical power line and the neutral line of the electrical appliance are respectively connected to one port of the protector, and the other end of each protector is grounded again, and the discharge to the ground is achieved through the gap breakdown. Under normal working voltage, the arrester gap will not be broken. When the overvoltage is transmitted along the wire and the overvoltage of the protected device is jeopardized, the arrester gap is quickly broken down, discharging to the ground, and a large amount of charge is discharged. The earth, which limits the input voltage of the protected device, acts as a protection device. After the overvoltage has passed, the gap can be quickly restored to make the electrical appliance work normally. Some high-end appliances come with a protector, but there are many appliances that don't have this device. Therefore, the protector should be connected to the household wire. In the case of thunderstorms, if there is no special electricity requirement, it is best to close the main gate.
The development of microelectronics technology, the use of integrated circuits in large quantities. The electromagnetic effect when lightning occurs is the nemesis of an integrated circuit. Nowadays, the most common use of integrated circuits is the computer. In order to prevent damage caused by electromagnetic induction, the mainframe of the computer is generally made of metal. The use of metal electrostatic shielding and skin effect on electromagnetic waves has a good effect on preventing inductive lightning.
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