Wireless charging technology is no stranger to modern people, and many mobile phones now have this function. The iPhone8/iPhoneX currently on the market supports wireless charging, but the charging power is only 7.5w. Samsung has also launched a new wireless charging model that is said to be able to reach a charging power of 15w. But at present, there is still a big gap with wired charging. We can only call it wireless slow charging, and according to users, this charging method is more prone to heat. Not only in the mobile phone industry, electric vehicles are also a popular industry. Cars can realize wireless charging, and even many household appliances in the home can realize wireless charging. That can bring great convenience to human beings. You don’t have to worry about what you forget to charge or what’s not. Powered up. Therefore, in the field of wireless charging, the convenience brought to us is huge, and we still need to continue to work hard, and the day for popularization is not far away.
There are many wireless charging methods. At present, we know that there are four methods: 1. Electric field coupling type; 2. Electromagnetic induction type; 3. Magnetic field resonance type; 4. Radio wave type. However, due to the low transmission power of electric field coupling and radio waves, electromagnetic induction and magnetic resonance are commonly used at present.
1. Electromagnetic induction charging technology
When the current passes through the coil, the magnetic field generated by the coil induces electromotive force to the nearby coils to generate current. This charging method has a higher conversion efficiency, but the transmission distance is shorter than 0mm～10cm, and it has higher requirements for placement. The quasi-coils are performed one to one. Metal induction contact can also generate heat and cause heating. The wireless charging technology based on magnetic field induction is essentially similar to an air-core transformer. It has a simple principle, mature technology, and low cost. It is a technology that has been widely popularized. However, the disadvantage of magnetic field induction technology is that the transmission distance is short and the degree of freedom of the placement of the charging equipment is low.
The technology is currently not only applied to mobile phones, but also has been applied in the field of electric vehicles. In today's automotive market, electric vehicles are no longer a niche market. With the support of national policies and the vigorous promotion of major manufacturers, the retention of electric vehicles The volume is constantly rising, which is a gratifying imagination. But problems also follow. The lack of public electric piles and the long charging time have brought a lot of trouble to electric vehicle owners. In daily use, electric vehicles cannot fully meet all people's daily travel needs. The endurance issue restricts the distance traveled. If the car runs out of power on the way, I can only do it in a hurry. Even in a modern metropolis like Beijing, it is a luxury to find a utility pole that can be used at any time. Recently, some media reported that the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States has made a major breakthrough in the field of wireless charging. A 20-kilowatt wireless charging system has a charging efficiency of 90%, and the charging speed is three times that of commonly used plug-in electric vehicle equipment. If this technology is widely used, it will promote the wireless charging of large and high-power vehicles, so that electric vehicles can be used in more fields, and the fast and convenient charging mode will increase consumers' acceptance of electric vehicles.
2. Magnetic field resonance charging technology
The rise of magnetic resonance technology originated from an experiment at MIT in 2008. Researchers lit up a 60W light bulb in the air, and for the first time made the world realize that wireless charging can still be used like this. Compared with magnetic field induction technology, the advantage of magnetic field resonance is that it can achieve effective energy transfer in a larger range and achieve a higher degree of spatial freedom. Therefore, it is more reliable and supports simultaneous charging of multiple devices.
When the transmitting end encounters the receiving end with the same resonance frequency, the resonance effect is used for power transmission. This charging method has a long transmission distance and a large transmission power, which is suitable for long-distance high-power charging. However, this charging method has lower efficiency and greater loss during transmission. The longer the distance, the greater the transmission power and the greater the loss. More importantly, the frequency band used must be protected from external factors.
In terms of current technology, both charging methods have certain advantages and disadvantages. Generally speaking, they can only be charged in a fixed location and range, which is not convenient enough for mobile devices. Therefore, researchers are striving to develop a way to charge anytime, anywhere.
Scientists in the United States always have some whimsical ideas, they even plan to apply wireless charging technology to the highway. Below the asphalt layer of the highway, the primary coil is arranged at a certain distance, and when the electric vehicle passes by, it can be charged. It will make mobile wireless charging a reality, and the road itself will become a natural charging place. Imagine that when you drive an electric car on a rechargeable road and watch the battery power slowly increase, when you reach your destination, it may have more power than when you set off. Solve the fatal endurance problem, that will be the biggest advantage of electric vehicles.
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