Part III: Drone Research Report
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Development of drones in countries around the world
Detailed explanation of Iranian drones
In February 2010, the official Iranian news agency reported that two types of drones in the country had just been put into production. The two types of drones were: reconnaissance type "Nazir" and bombing type "Ra'ad". "The unmanned aerial vehicle. The report also said that Iran tested a evasive radar attack on unmanned aerial vehicles in June 2009, reporting that the drone being tested was a one-seventh scale model and that a full-size version would be produced soon. Iran also announced that they have started construction of a large-scale production of drones in March 2009. Upon completion, the plant will produce a variety of unmanned aerial vehicles, including unmanned helicopters.
According to the Iranian UAS Yearbook published in 2009, a research and development team composed of three members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) demonstrated the use of drones to the commander of Pasdran in 1984; apparently, he experienced After the Battle of Yamaguchi, the Iranian military paid more and more attention to possessing timely battlefield surveillance capabilities. It is speculated that a major factor driving Iran's development of drones is that the conventional aerial reconnaissance platform is aging and the battlefield environment is getting worse. The request for comments from members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards indicates that the current Iranian government relies more on the military organization than on its regular army, so the advice it provides may not be particularly accurate.
Iran first used drones in July 1984. According to the author of the Yearbook, drones provide amazing battlefield images and real-time intelligence. In fact, the drone is just a simple radio-controlled aircraft with a German-made Hasselblad camera with a focal length lens (135 mm) mounted over the Iraqi position at a height of 50 meters. When the Iranian commander saw the large-scale Iraqi position fortress on the return photo, he cancelled the operational plan that could become a suicide attack. Later, Iran used high-flying drones to take vertical or oblique reconnaissance photos, which helped the offensive operations (such as Iran's offensive operations in March 1985, February 1986, and January 1987). Iran has also used the same drone as a platform to develop attacking drones capable of launching rockets and put them into actual combat, such as "migrant birds or Mohajer-1" (which can mount 6 RPG rockets). In one photo, we can see that the machine adopts the double-tailed body design with the rear of the engine and three mounting points. The aircraft's operational radius is about 30 kilometers.
After the Islamic Revolutionary Guards developed the first batch of wartime drones, the drone development project was transferred to the Qods company owned by the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard. The company's first drone was "Talash-1", which was successfully used for reconnaissance missions in the subsequent Iran-Iraq war. Endeavour-2 (also known as "Hadaf 3000") is an unmanned target .
Shengcheng Aviation Industry's Migratory Bird-2 drone is an enhanced version of the early Migratory UAV (speed of 180 km/h with a mission radius of 50 km). Its performance parameters are: 3.40 m wingspan. The fuselage is 2.91 meters long, the maximum take-off weight is 85 kilograms, and the cruising time is 1.5 hours (the task radius is 69 kilometers, the speed is 200 kilometers per hour, and the practical ceiling is 3353 meters). The Migratory Bird-2 also features a double-tailed push-back fuselage design. The aircraft debuted in 2005. Compared to the previous Migratory Bird aircraft, the aircraft has a new rotatable camera in addition to improved performance. cabin.
The Migratory Bird-3 unmanned aerial vehicle (also known as the "Dorna") is an all-weather surveillance/reconnaissance drone similar to Israel's Pioneer unmanned aerial vehicle with a mission radius of 100 thousand. The speed of the meter is the same as that of the Migratory Bird-2. "Migratory Bird-4" (also known as Hodhod, a bird with a headscarf) is a two-tailed structure reconnaissance/surveillance drone with a life time of 5 to 7 hours and a mission radius of 150 kilometers. The speed is the same as that of the earlier models; A 38-horsepower engine ("Minorbird-2" and "Migratory Bird-3" uses a 25-horsepower engine); the maximum ejection weight is 175 kg and the practical ceiling is 5,486 meters.
The aircraft unmanned aerial vehicle of Qods is the Migratory Bird-5. The company also launched the "Shekarchi" drone, which is equipped with Israel's "Harpy" anti-radar. The drones are very similar (Israel has provided China with "Harpy" drones, while China is Iran's largest weapon provider). In addition, Al-Quds Capital Industries also produces a handheld launch drone.
In addition to the Qods company, the Iranian Aircraft Manufacturing Industry Corporation (IAMI) also develops and produces unmanned aerial vehicles. The company produces a large "Ababil (meaning "mystery bird")" unmanned aerial vehicle.
According to reports, in October 1997, the company flew a short-range "Ababi II" unmanned aerial vehicle and officially announced it in March 1999. The "Ababi II" unmanned aerial vehicle uses an improved flight control system , which may be the prototype of the "Ababi S" surveillance drone announced in 2000.
The "Ababi T" attack unmanned aerial vehicle integrates a 45 kg heavy warhead. It is unique in that it uses a two-tailed structure (the other two models are single-tailed); in addition, the aircraft uses a duck-wing type Pneumatic layout, the main wing is a pointed-free narrow delta wing; the power is a rear propeller. The "Ababi" unmanned aerial vehicle can perform missions in an airspace 180 km away from the ground control station, or it can fly according to a pre-set reconnaissance route; GPS/inertial guidance is used. Each "Ababi" unmanned system consists of two aircraft, one catapult and one ground-controlled vehicle. The "Ababi" unmanned aerial vehicle exhibited in 2005 was equipped with a transparent camera fairing at the beginning of the machine. According to Iranian newspapers, from March 2006 to March 2007, Iranian Aircraft Manufacturing Industries produced a total of 58 "Ababi" unmanned aerial vehicles. The performance parameters of the "Ababi S" / "Ababi II" unmanned aerial vehicle are: the wingspan is 3.25 meters, the fuselage is 2.88 meters long, the maximum takeoff weight is 83 kilograms (load 40 kilograms); the cruising time is 1.5 hours (cruising) Speed ​​370 km / h); task radius of 120 km, practical ceiling limit of 3048 meters.
The main user of the "Ababi T" attack UAV was the Hezbollah of Lebanon and was renamed the "Mirsad-1" unmanned aerial vehicle. On November 7, 2004, an "Ababi" aircraft landed on the Mediterranean coast of Israel; in April 2005, another "Ababi" aircraft penetrated Israel's airspace for 30 kilometers and fled before being intercepted. In the first invasion of Israeli airspace, the "Ababi" aircraft took a low-altitude flight (height less than 90 meters) and escaped radar detection. According to the United Nations arms sales record, Iran provided eight "Ababi" attack drones to Lebanon (probably Hezbollah in Lebanon) in 2004. The "Milsad" UAV mastered by Hezbollah in Lebanon was shot down on November 7, 2004 and August 7, 2006, respectively (and possibly other unreported records).
In 2009, Iranian Aircraft Manufacturing Industries began developing jet-type "Ababi" drones and hand-held launchers. Among them, the jet drone is called "Ababi-Jet" or "Hadaf-1". The machine is mainly based on the "Toloue" small engine modified from China's C802 missile engine. The design speed is about 700 km / h.
In addition, Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industries also announced three small hand-held small drones: "Ababi A", "Ababi B" and "Ababi C". These models are powered by electric power. The performance parameters are: 30 minutes of endurance, 15 kilometers of voyage (10 km for "Ababi A"), maximum speed of 60 km / h; maximum takeoff weight of 6.5 kg (of which " The Abbie A" load is 1 kg, and the other two models are loaded at 1.5 kg).
In the development of small-sized drones, Faraz Asia Technologies Company also offers a handheld launch drone that can be placed in a backpack: "Fraraz-2". The machine features a high-wing, propeller and engine front. Its battery life is 30 minutes and the video transmission distance is 10 kilometers.
In 2009, Iranian Deputy Defense Minister Amade Wahidi announced that it would soon develop a 1000km voyage unmanned aerial vehicle, which is the first time Iran has planned research and development of such advanced unmanned aerial vehicles.
In addition to the aforementioned drones, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard also claimed that they had three almost intact US and British unmanned aerial vehicles and intended to conduct reverse engineering studies. At least two of these three drones are currently available: the US RQ-7 "Shadow" drone (falling on July 4, 2008) and Israel's "Hermes" 450 drone (falling on August 25, 2008).
Although Iran has exhibited a large number of drones at its defense equipment exhibition, it is hard to believe that these drones have been in large-scale service. Most of the models introduced above are just some prototypes.
In 2007, Iran agreed to provide approximately 12 “Ababi†and “Migratory Bird-4†unmanned aerial vehicles to Venezuela; these drones are also likely to be licensed for production by Venezuela.
Source: "Weapons and Equipment Research Selected" International Defense Science and Technology Series (2015, No. 5, No. 15) The Management Research Center of China Electronics Science Research Institute compiled / picture from the original report or the Internet.
Part I: US Aircraft Research Report
Part II: Foreign AWACS Research Report
Foreign AWACS Research Report (1): Development History + Early Warning Aircraft Map
Foreign AWACS Research Report (II): US E-3 Series "Wanglou" Early Warning Aircraft
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