Medical photon technology is divided into two categories: photon diagnostic medical technology and photon therapy medical technology. The former uses photon as the information carrier, and the latter uses photon as the energy carrier. At present, whether it is light diagnosis or light treatment technology, laser light is mostly used. If you focus on human applications, these two technologies fall into the category of laser medicine. Laser medicine is a unique and important application field of medical photonics technology, and it is also a new branch of discipline that has risen rapidly in recent years.
According to international and domestic developments, the following are the main research contents of medical photonic technology:
Medical spectroscopy
Laser spectroscopy has become an important research field in medical photonics due to its extremely high spectral and time resolution, sensitivity, accuracy, non-destructive, safe, and fast. With the in-depth development of laser spectroscopy application research in the medical field, a "medical spectroscopy" with development potential and application prospects has gradually formed.
1. Biological tissue autofluorescence and drug fluorescence spectrum. Preclinical studies have been conducted on the diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaques and malignant tumors by laser-induced autofluorescence and drug fluorescence of biological tissues. The content relates to the absorption spectrum, excitation and emission fluorescence spectra of the photosensitizer, and the characteristic spectra of endogenous fluorescent groups of normal tissue and diseased tissue under the excitation of various wavelength lasers. On this basis, a real-time fluorescent image processing system for cancer diagnosis and localization was also studied.
The research of laser fluorescence spectroscopy for diagnosis of tumors has attracted much attention. The sensitivity of spectral inspection is very high. If the characteristic fluorescence peak of tumor cells can be found to diagnose the presence of cancer cells, it will play a huge role in the early diagnosis and treatment of tumors. . But so far, the technology cannot be used as a basis for cancer cell detection alone clinically. The key reason is that the true characteristic fluorescence peak of cancer cells has not been found. Now the so-called characteristic fluorescence peak is actually just the fluorescence peak of the porphyrin molecule. It is very necessary to objectively and scientifically judge the diagnostic criteria of laser fluorescence spectrum for tumors.
At present, the fluorescence diagnosis of some cancer tumors has entered clinical trials, and the application of autofluorescence is still in the groping. It is necessary to carry out research on the mechanism of laser excitation of biological tissues and intracellular substances, to explore the correlation between laser-induced tissue autofluorescence and pathological types of cancer tissues, and the fluorescence spectrum, fluorescence yield and optimal excitation wavelength of new photosensitizers in order to Obtaining extremely stable and reliable characteristic data provides a scientific basis for the development of diagnostic technology.
2. Raman spectrum of biological tissue. In recent years, the application of Raman spectroscopy in medicine has shown its advantages in sensitivity, resolution, and no damage. It has overcome the fluorescence spectroscopy to distinguish diseased tissues because the biological macromolecules have a wide fluorescence band, which is easy to overlap and accurate. The impact of diagnosis. At present, this research field is still in its infancy, and the following research work should be stepped up: First, research on the Raman spectrum of important medical substances and establish its spectral database (including sensitive characteristic spectra corresponding to molecular components and structures) Line and its intensity, etc.); second, to study the Raman spectrum of the disease, to analyze the changes and pathogenesis of biological components from normal to disease; third, to develop small, efficient, and suitable for the medical surface of the body and the body Mann spectrometer and diagnostic instrument.
3. Ultrafast time-resolved spectrum of biological tissue. Ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy is technically more sensitive, objective, and selective than steady-state spectroscopy. Therefore, the use of ultra-short laser pulse light sources with pulse widths of the order of ps and fs in medicine has received extensive attention. First, ultra-fast time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy should be developed to measure the fluorescence decay time of biological tissues and biological molecules. Analysis of the molecular relaxation dynamics of cancer tissues, etc., provides basic data for the further study of autofluorescence diagnosis of malignant tumors; Second, ultrafast time-resolved diffuse reflection (transmission) spectroscopy technology should be developed. The diffuse reflection of the tissue is measured in the time domain, thereby indirectly determining the optical characteristics of the tissue. This is a brand-new, non-destructive and real-time measurement method suitable for living body, which opens up a new path for knowing the interaction between light and biological tissue and solving the basic measurement problems in medical photonics. Research on principles and technologies should be carried out as soon as possible to obtain valuable in vivo optical parameters and provide a basis for the development of photodiagnosis and phototherapy techniques.
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