Analog audio terminal RCA
This is by far the most common audio / video connection terminal. This two-wire connection terminal was invented by the RCA recording company as early as the age of the radio. There is also a more old-fashioned and weird call. "Turntable" connector. The RCA terminal uses a coaxial transmission method. The central axis is used to transmit signals. The outer contact layer is used for grounding. It can also be used to transmit digital audio signals and analog video signals. RCA audio terminals are generally marked in different colors in pairs: the right channel is red (the letter "R" means "right" or "red"); the left channel is black or white. Sometimes, the center and surround channel cables will be marked with other colors to facilitate the distinction of wiring, but all the RCA connectors in the entire system are the same in electrical performance. Generally speaking, the RCA stereo audio cable is a group of left and right channels, and each channel is a line in appearance. XLR balanced terminal 
This is a three-wire connection terminal. The three wires are positive, negative, and shielded. XLR is called "balanced terminal" and "microphone plug", and is generally used in professional or broadcast TV fields, but it is also used in some Hi-End-level consumer equipment, between the pre-amplifier and the post-amplifier Perform signal transmission. In terms of connection, the three-wire XLR plug outputs audio signals, and the three-wire jack inputs audio signals. The advantage of the XLR terminal is to balance the linear transmission signal, which can greatly reduce the noise and hum generated in the audio signal by electromagnetic and radio frequency interference when the electronic system is working when transmitting the audio signal over a long distance. However, in general consumer appliances, the advantages of XLR transmission are not very obvious.
The design of the standard 1/4 inch (6.35mm) diameter headphone plug and jack of the Phone / Mini-phone headphone terminal is from the early telephone terminal block. This terminal is generally a three-wire structure on AV equipment (divided into Left and right channels each and ground), for stereo signal output. Headphone plugs and jacks are also commonly used in professional or broadcasting equipment. At this time, the two-wire structure (divided into signal and ground) is used to transmit mono signals; sometimes the three-wire structure (divided into positive, negative and shielding) is also used The mono signal is transmitted in a balanced manner. The small headphone terminals with a diameter of 1/8 inch (3.5mm) are functionally the same as the standard headphone terminals, and are mostly used for stereo signal transmission on portable equipment. Digital audio terminal
Coaxial coaxial terminal According to the SPDIF (Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format, Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format) standard, the wire with the same appearance as the RCA analog audio terminal can also be used to transmit digital audio signals. Coaxial terminals can be used to transmit stereo (CD format) or multi-channel (Dolby Digital / DTS) digital signals. Plugs are generally marked in orange and black. Although any cable that uses an RCA plug can be used to transmit digital audio signals, it is best to use a cable specifically designed for digital audio to achieve the best possible transmission effect, that is, the impedance of the plug and jack must be Labeled as 75Ω.
Toslink (OpTIcal) optical fiber terminal The standard of Toslink optical fiber terminal is the same as coaxial RCA terminal, both are SPDIF digital audio format, but data transmission is not through fluctuating current, but through pulsating light wave, using special optical fiber as medium . From the output port of Toslink, you can see the red light, which is not a laser, nor harmful to human eyes. Dirt and dust will hinder the transmission of light waves, so do not touch the connection port with your hands when you use it, and put the dust cap on the port when not in use. In addition, the optical fiber cable cannot be bent or twisted excessively, otherwise it will cause Can not be used due to permanent damage.
AES-EBU (XLR) digital balance terminal www.
This type of terminal is used by the Audio Engineering Society (AES) and the European BroadcasTIng Union (EBU). The basic design is exactly the same as the XLR balanced terminal for transmitting analog audio signals. This connection method is very common in professional audio equipment, but in the home field, it is only used in some super Hi-End stereo and home theater equipment.
Speakers are connected to audio terminals-spring clips. This connection method is more common on affordable AV receivers, two-channel amplifiers and entry-level speakers. It is also very simple to use, hold down the spring clip, insert the bare wire end into the hole, and loosen the spring clip to clamp the wire end. Because the reeds inside the spring clip are installed very close, there will be electromagnetic contact in a relatively small range. However, it is sufficient for the connection of speakers with a maximum output power below 100W.
Multi-purpose wiring plugs and sockets can be applied to almost all speaker cable plugs, such as: tighten the bare wire end, pass through the horizontal hole of the terminal, and then tighten the terminal; or the metal strip of the head Bend into a U-shape, wrap around the terminal, and tighten the terminal; or insert the metal strip of the wire end directly into the hole of the terminal and tighten the terminal; if the wire end is a banana plug, directly insert the front of the terminal In the hole.
The name of the banana plug comes from its slightly bulged shape. It is very convenient to insert the hole on the front of the multi-purpose socket mentioned above, and it can also form a very large contact area after insertion. This feature makes it preferred to be used in high-power output equipment to connect speakers and receivers / amplifiers. Sometimes you can see the banana plugs divided into two groups, called "double banana plugs", but not all devices (especially speakers) can be used.
Video terminal
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Composite composite video terminal This terminal has the same shape as the RCA terminal used to transmit analog and digital coaxial signals. Its name is derived from the fact that the composite video terminal simultaneously transmits chroma (various colors) and brightness (black and white) through a single line. ) Signal, usually marked in yellow. In terms of use, as long as it is an RCA plug and a cable that transmits signals in a coaxial manner, it can be used to transmit composite video signals, but the specially designed 75Ω impedance cable can restore better images, especially when it is transmitted over long distances. More obvious. This is because the specially designed wires can reduce the effect of impedance mismatch and signal reflection on the image and reduce ghosting. The composite video terminal is the most commonly used, but it is also a video transmission method with low fidelity, so the S-video terminal and the color-difference video terminal are more suitable when image restoration quality is required.
S-video terminal Since the S-video terminal uses separate lines to transmit the chrominance and luminance signals in the color video signal, compared with the composite video terminal that uses a single line to simultaneously transmit the chrominance and luminance signals, the restored image quality is significantly better . The S terminal uses a unique four-pin plug (the official name is a mini-DIN connector). When using it, be sure to find out the direction and position of the insertion. If you insert it with brute force, the needle will be bent and the plug will be damaged.
Component component video terminal The English name for component video terminal comes from this terminal is to separate the video signal into 3 different basic parts (Component) for transmission. Therefore, the color difference terminal uses three separate signal lines to transmit signals, and the quality of the restored signal is better than that of the composite terminal and the S terminal. In terms of appearance, the color-difference terminal is the same as the ordinary RCA terminal, but the 3 wires are used together, but the signals transmitted by the 3 wires are completely different. The three sets of signals are: brightness (marked with Y), and the color difference signal (marked as Pb and Pr) after removing the brightness signal from two of the three primary color signals-blue and red-on the three lines The joints are distinguished by green, blue and red. If these three lines are inserted into each other incorrectly, the screen may not be displayed, or strange colors may appear. Some DVD players use BNC plugs and sockets (see the content of RGB + H / V video terminals below) for color difference signal transmission.
On some equipment, you can also see that the component video terminals are marked as "Wideband" (broadband), "HDTV-Ready" (HDTV ready), "HDTV-Capable" (HDTV available), etc. These labels mean that Color difference signals are output from HDTV tuners, progressive DVD players, line multipliers, or some other video processing equipment, and can also be displayed normally on high-definition televisions and monitors. If your TV does not have the function of receiving high-definition signals and progressive scan signals, even if you use the color difference terminals to input these signals, you will not get any image quality advantages.
European standard video interface:
Transmission signal: SCART interface transmits Cvbs signal, interlaced RGB signal, usually manufacturers use SCART to transmit RGB signal. Because the three primary color signals are transmitted separately, they perform better than S-Video in terms of chroma. SCART currently only has the standard for transmitting 480I / 576I interlaced signals.
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D video terminal This terminal gets its name because it is close to the English letter "D". It transmits the video signal digitally and is directly input to the video display device with the D video receiving terminal, avoiding the process of transmitting the signal through the analog video signal transmission method. The digital-to-analog conversion process in the system can improve the quality of digital video restoration. The D terminal is currently divided into 5 types: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. They have the same appearance but different video signal bandwidths. The larger the number, the higher the transmission bandwidth. D1 can only transmit 480i signals, D2 corresponds to 480i and 480p, D3 corresponds to 480i / 480p / 1080i, D4 corresponds to 480i / 480p / 1080i / 720p, D5 has the highest specification, and can transmit 480i / 480p / 1080i / 720p / 1080p
RGB + H / V video terminal "RGB + H / V" stands for red, green, and blue video signals plus horizontal and vertical video signals. This is a long-term transmission method used in professional video displays and computer displays. It is now used in the field of HDTV. You can see this on HDTV monitors and projectors (including some models that are not high-definition). 5 input ports. Generally speaking, the RGB + H / V output and input terminals use the BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman, "Neil-Concemann insert knife", named after the inventor of this socket) as shown in the figure. This type of connector is inserted and tightened, and is mostly used on professional laboratory equipment to provide an extremely reliable connection. Sometimes, the RCA connector will also be applied to this connection method, for example: use the RGB + H / V terminal to output signals from a computer or professional video equipment, and use the VGA terminal to output signals at the other end of the signal line The method of use is relatively expensive.
VGA video terminal For those who have connected a computer monitor to the host, the standard 15-pin D-type terminal such as VGA should be more familiar. From the principle of signal transmission, the VGA terminal and the RGB + H / V terminal are the same, but the appearance is different. In video equipment, the VGA terminal is mostly used for signal output on HDTV tuners, or for signal input on HDTV monitors and projectors.
The full name of DVI is "Digital Visual Interface", and like VGA and RGB + H / V terminals, it is also transplanted from the computer field to household equipment. DVI uses an approximately rectangular 18-pin connector to transmit digital video signals in one direction, for example, from HDTV tuner to HDTV display. Because the DVI connection method completely avoids the analog-to-digital conversion in the process of transmitting signals through analog video signal transmission methods (such as color-difference terminals, RGB + H / V terminals, VGA terminals and other broadband video connection methods are still analog transmission) Process, so for fixed pixel plasma, LCD, DLP and other display methods, there is greater potential to achieve better digital video display quality. On some of the latest HDTV devices, the DVI connection method has been applied. In order to avoid illegal copying of DVI digital signals, HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content ProtecTIon) anti-theft copy technology is also used on these machines.
Multipurpose connection terminal
FireWire FireWire terminal The name of this connection method was invented by Apple to meet the IEEE 1394 digital interface standard, and has been widely used in computers and audio products. Sony calls it "i.Link terminal", some other manufacturers also have various names, such as "DTV Link. This connection uses a thin rectangular 4-pin terminal, digital serial interface, two-way transmission, transmission speed up to 400M per second, used for computers with built-in hard drives, computer audio and video editing systems, digital cameras, or HDTV tuners. A large 6-pin live wire terminal can also be seen on some computer equipment, transmitting data and providing power at the same time. Before the emergence of HDCP anti-theft copy technology, FireWire terminals were completely disabled on HDTV equipment to prevent illegal copying, but they were widely used in the connection of digital cameras.
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USB Universal Serial Bus Terminal The full name of the USB is "Universal Serial Bus" (Universal Serial Bus), which uses rectangular or rectangular-like terminals, which has largely replaced the old 9-pin serial port used in personal computers. Of course, in the field of home theater, it has also been widely used. Rectangular terminals (or A-type terminals) are more common on computer hosts, and rectangular terminals (or B-type terminals) are common in computer peripherals. For the use of audio and video, USB terminals are mostly used as computer rooms, between servers, portable MP3 players and computer audio and video recording / editing systems for data input / output transmission.
Ethernet (RJ-45) Ethernet terminal The appearance of this terminal is one size larger than the telephone line plug jack. It is the same when it is used: plug it in and tighten it, press the plastic reed to pull it out. The Ethernet terminal is transplanted from the computer field, and is mostly used in home theater equipment with network connection functions, such as receivers, hard disk recorders and digital music servers. Almost every computer / electronic store will have such plugs and cables for sale, and they are all connected. www
This 9-pin terminal can be seen on some A / V equipment. It is used in conjunction with the DB-9 jack. It is mostly used for the connection between the equipment and the computer. It is used for control and data exchange. It is also used as a home automation system. (Such as touch screen controller) standard interface.
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F-type (antenna) antenna terminal
This type of terminal is connected in a coaxial manner, and is mostly found in receivers and preamplifiers / tuners. It is used to connect FM antennas and receive weak RF signals. There are plug-in and screw-in terminals of this type, the latter can be seen in cable TV signal lines and indoor antenna equipment.
Telcom (RJ-11) telephone line terminal In the field of audio and video equipment, this terminal is more common in satellite receivers and hard disk video recorders, and their internal modems can dial-up Internet through this terminal to transmit data such as TV program tables. In use, it is completely consistent with the wiring of ordinary telephones. www.
Mini-phone mini earphone terminal www.
The shape of this terminal is the same as the earphone terminal mentioned above for stereo analog signal transmission, but it is only a two-wire connection, which is used to transmit signals and ground, respectively, instead of using three wires to transmit stereo signals like the earphone terminal. . This kind of terminal is more common in the back panel of A / V receiver and pre-amplifier, and uses the 12V voltage output / input excitation method to control the power of other peripheral equipment on or off. At the same time, this terminal is also used to transmit infrared remote control signals, so if you use all kinds of equipment from the same manufacturer, you can use the remote control to point to one of the machines, and at the same time control some other machines that are inconvenient to operate directly .
HDMI high-definition multimedia interface terminal www.
The full name of this terminal is the "High-DefiniTIon Multimedia Interface" terminal. It has not been used in any officially sold product yet, but it is likely to be a standard connection terminal in the future. For digital video transmission, the basic principle is that the same as the DVI terminal is single-line transmission, but it also transmits stereo and multi-channel digital audio, internal and infrared remote control signals. This 19-pin terminal is significantly smaller than the DVI terminal and looks more like a USB terminal. HDTV monitors and signal source equipment equipped with HDMI terminals (first used in tuners and DVD players) are expected to appear on the market early next year. Through an adapter, devices with HDMI terminals can be backward compatible with devices with DVI terminals. Of course, such a connection method may not completely transmit digital audio signals and control signals like the HDMI terminal is directly connected.
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