Abstract: The article introduces the background of the development of energy efficiency standards, the implementation of green lighting projects, the role of energy efficiency standards in green lighting projects, and the main activities of energy efficiency standards projects and the successful experience of green lighting promotion projects.
Keywords: green lighting energy efficiency standard electric light source ballast
1 China Green Lighting Project Implementation Background
Lighting electricity accounts for more than 10% of China's total electricity. Formulating and implementing energy efficiency standards for lighting products is one of the effective measures to save electricity for lighting. It is also an important sub-project in China's green lighting promotion project. In the green lighting promotion project project plan, six lighting product energy efficiency standards are formulated and researched. These six lighting products include: self-ballasted fluorescent lamps, double-ended fluorescent lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, high-pressure sodium lamp ballasts, metal halides. Ballasts for light lamps and metal halide lamps. Among them, the four energy efficiency standards for high-pressure sodium lamps, high-pressure sodium lamp ballasts, metal halide lamps and metal halide lamp ballasts are ahead of the rest of the world.
In order to save lighting power, improve the energy efficiency of lighting equipment, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, the United States took the lead in formulating a green lighting plan in the early 1990s, which mobilized the enthusiasm of all aspects of society, from the manufacturers of lighting products. Distributors, testing organizations, service organizations and power supply companies have all invested in green lighting activities. After five years of implementation, the US green lighting has achieved remarkable results. More than 2,000 units have installed high-efficiency lighting products in 500 million square meters of space, saving 2.3 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity per year and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 1.6 million tons. Subsequently, some developed countries such as Japan, Britain, France and Denmark successively implemented green lighting plans, and also achieved considerable power saving effects.
In order to promote the implementation of “green lighting†activities, some governments have introduced mandatory energy efficiency standards and incentive policies to limit the sales of energy-intensive and inefficient lighting products and implement incentive policies for energy-saving lighting products. At present, the "green lighting" activities have spread all over the world, and have produced enormous economic and social benefits worldwide, and are regarded by the international community as effective measures to promote energy conservation and environmental protection.
Under the auspices of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in 1996, China's green lighting project was initiated by the relevant departments of energy conservation in China, and achieved remarkable results after years of implementation. In order to expand the achievements of China's green lighting project, China continued to implement the “China Green Lighting Project Promotion Project†in 2001. Its purpose and goal are to eliminate the market barriers of high-efficiency lighting products and reduce carbon dioxide by implementing green lighting projects. Other greenhouse gas emissions are expected to save 100 billion kWh by 2010.
2 Main activities and management mode of China Green Lighting Project Promotion Project
The China Green Lighting Project Promotion Project is a complex international cooperation project with a total investment of about 8.13 million US dollars, divided into 12 sub-projects, which are undertaken by different departments or agencies, and there is a coordination relationship between the sub-projects. The project also hired 40 international experts and 50 domestic experts. In order for this project to be implemented smoothly and organic cooperation between subprojects, a sound project management system must be established, and strict and scientific project management should be implemented from project design to project acceptance. During the implementation of the China Green Lighting Project Promotion Project, 12 major sub-projects have been implemented, including:
(1) Formulating energy efficiency standards for lighting products;
(2) Formulating energy-saving standards for architectural lighting design;
(3) Implement energy-saving certification and identification of lighting products;
(4) Improve the consistency of laboratory testing;
(5) Implementing a large-scale procurement demonstration project for high-efficiency lighting products;
(6) Implementing a demonstration project for quality lighting product quality commitment;
(7) Implementing a demand-side management demonstration project (DSM) for efficient lighting products;
(8) Promote efficient lighting products by using contract energy management mechanisms;
(9) Media promotion;
(10) Implement an annual follow-up survey;
(11) Domestic evaluation consultation of the project;
(12) Formulate strategies and goals for sustainable development of the project.
In order to implement the overall management of the project, in the daily work management, the National Development and Reform Commission/UNDP/GEF China Green Lighting Project Promotion Project Office (now withdrawn) will be established, which is responsible for the organization and implementation of the project and daily management. In the management of project coordination, a project coordination leading group composed of the National Development and Reform Commission and relevant participating units was established. The main responsibility of the project coordination leading group is to provide support and suggestions for project implementation. At the same time, a project plan review mechanism, a financial audit mechanism, and a project evaluation mechanism were also established.
3 The status and role of energy efficiency standards in the project
The research and development project of energy efficiency standards for lighting products is one of the key sub-projects of China's green lighting project promotion project, and is the basis and technical basis for the implementation of other sub-projects. The relationship between the sub-projects in the green lighting project promotion project and the overall goal, and the relationship between the sub-projects is shown in Figure 1.
The ultimate goal of China's green lighting project promotion project is to save energy and protect the environment. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to promote the application of energy-saving lighting products, so that the overall energy efficiency of lighting equipment can be improved. However, under the current market conditions in China, there are many obstacles in the promotion and application of energy-saving products, such as disordered market order, high price of energy-saving products, low consumer awareness, poor quality of energy-saving products and short life, etc. In order to eliminate the barriers to entry of energy-saving lighting fixtures into the market, it has become an important link to achieve the ultimate goal.
At the end of the 20th century, China had vigorously promoted the application of energy-saving lamps and electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps. However, due to the poor quality of some products and the short life span, the people’s evaluation of energy-saving lamps at that time was: “saving electricity, not saving moneyâ€. In addition, there is no authoritative organization for evaluating which types of lighting products are energy-saving products. There is no scientific and rigorous definition of energy-saving products, resulting in confusion in the energy-saving product market.
In the China Green Lighting Project Promotion Project, some sub-projects have been set up to overcome market obstacles. Through the implementation of the quality commitment sub-project, the establishment of "integrity market" for efficient lighting products, eliminating the risk of consumers purchasing high-efficiency lighting products, prompting enterprises to improve product quality and product life, and improve consumer awareness of high-efficiency lighting products. Through the implementation of the bulk procurement sub-project, appropriate subsidies will be given to users who purchase high-efficiency lighting products, reducing the cost of using high-efficiency lighting products by consumers, and expanding the speed of promotion of high-efficiency lighting products. Through DSM sub-projects, centralized bidding procurement, reducing initial investment of users, adopting economic incentive policies, increasing the participation rate of users' lighting and energy saving, and adopting display and sales methods to enable demonstration products to enter the retail market. By formulating and implementing building energy-saving standards, improving building lighting energy-saving indicators, and guiding new, rebuilt and expanded buildings to adopt efficient lighting products. Before formulating building energy efficiency standards, it is first necessary to set indicators for building energy efficiency standards based on the technical requirements in the energy efficiency standards.
In order to ensure the promotion of quality qualified energy-saving products in bulk procurement and DSM projects, the project stipulates that the products that enter the bulk purchase and DSM through bidding should be the lighting products certified by China's energy-saving products. Energy-saving product certification is an incentive and guiding measure adopted by the state to ensure the quality of energy-saving products and correctly guide consumption under the market economy system. Enterprises that produce energy-saving lighting products must pass the testing and auditing of energy-saving product certification bodies to obtain energy-saving product certification certificates, and put energy-saving signs on the products to prove that the products are energy-saving products. The testing and auditing of energy-saving product certification is mainly based on the energy-saving evaluation value requirements of the product's energy efficiency standards. Improving the detection ability of lighting products is a necessary condition for ensuring the certification testing of energy-saving products. The technical requirements stipulated by the energy efficiency standards and the indicators for evaluating the energy efficiency of lighting products are the main contents of the testing center to improve the testing capabilities.
Propaganda is an indispensable part of the green lighting project promotion project. The propaganda method can enhance the public awareness of lighting and electricity saving, implement the purpose of green lighting, and use propaganda to cooperate with the work of each sub-project to make the public understand the activities of each sub-project. Content to guide the public to participate in the activities of each subproject. It also includes publicity on lighting energy efficiency standards.
The China Green Lighting Project Promotion Project is a systematic project. Different sub-projects constitute a complete project as a whole. They are organically combined and coordinated to make the total project play a huge social and economic benefit. The energy efficiency standard plays a fundamental role in it.
4 Main activities of the energy efficiency standard sub-project
The main objective of the Energy Efficiency Standards Sub-project of Lighting Products is to develop mandatory national energy efficiency for six lighting products, such as double-ended fluorescent lamps, self-ballasted fluorescent lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, high-pressure sodium lamp ballasts, metal halide lamps and metal halide lamp ballasts. standard. The main contents of the standard include: energy efficiency limit value, energy conservation evaluation value, energy efficiency rating and advanced energy efficiency indicator. The project is divided into three phases (as shown in Figure 2), each phase needs to complete two standard research and development, one stage of technical difficulty is higher than one stage. The work of each stage is divided into several processes such as enterprise and product survey, product sample collection and testing, standard technical analysis and research, standard writing, and standard publicity. In response to the content of each stage, the research group of the China National Institute of Standardization has hired domestic and foreign experts, combined with relevant technical departments and production enterprises, and set up standard drafting groups to conduct research and development work for each standard.
In the standard development work, the internationally advanced engineering / economic and statistical analysis methods and standardized analysis steps are adopted. The first step is to investigate and collect product energy efficiency data and other technical data; the second step is to analyze relevant standards at home and abroad; the third step is statistical analysis of energy efficiency indicators; the fourth step, engineering/economic analysis and energy saving impact analysis, through computer model Scientific prediction of energy conservation and environmental quantitative effects generated by implementation standards; fifth step, data validation and exchange seminars. During the implementation of the project, the research team completed six technical analysis reports on energy efficiency standards for lighting products, totaling 240,000 words.
After three years and four months, the research team completed the tasks stipulated in the project work program (TOR) and achieved very significant social and economic benefits. The main results include six energy efficiency standard texts and their compilation instructions, six technical analysis reports on energy efficiency standards, and six energy efficiency standards publicity materials. Among them, the energy efficiency standard of double-ended fluorescent lamps and the energy efficiency standard of self-ballasted fluorescent lamps won the second prize of “Science and Technology Inspection†issued by the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine in 2004.
The issuance and implementation of energy efficiency standards have promoted the implementation and effective implementation of China's energy policy, and ensured the smooth implementation of other sub-projects of China's green lighting project promotion project; the production enterprises began to pay attention to the research and development of high-efficiency lighting products, and prompted the construction of lighting products in China. Changes; energy efficiency indicators have become an important basis for measuring the quality of products, generally improving consumers' awareness of energy conservation; reducing blind price competition in the market, gradually moving toward technological competition; accelerating the introduction and transformation of advanced technologies, limiting backwardness The transfer of technical equipment to China; enables production enterprises to timely understand the advanced technology level and technological development direction of foreign countries.
5 Main experience of project implementation
5.1 Government leadership and policy implementation are the basis for the implementation of energy efficiency standards
The energy efficiency standard for lighting products serves the energy conservation policy of China and provides a scientific and reasonable technical basis for the national energy conservation policy. If there is no national energy conservation policy and energy efficiency standards, even if energy efficiency standards are formulated, the implementation will be reduced. Without the implementation of energy conservation policies, companies that fail to comply with the mandatory requirements of energy efficiency standards will not be subject to disciplinary sanctions and sanctions. It is difficult for other companies to comply with the energy efficiency standards in the fierce market competition; By economic incentives, it is difficult for other companies to develop efficient lighting products.
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