CNC machine tool axis definition - Database & Sql Blog Articles

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In order to simplify the programming and ensure the versatility of the program, a unified standard is established for the numerical axis machine tool axis and direction naming. The linear feed axis is defined by X , Y and Z , which is often called the basic coordinate axis. The relationship between the X , Y , and Z axes is determined by the right-hand rule. As shown in the following figure, the pointer of the thumb is the positive direction of the X- axis, the index finger is the positive direction of the Y- axis, and the middle finger is pointed to the Z- axis. Positive direction.

The circular feed axes around the X, Y, and Z axes are represented by A, B, and C, respectively.

According to the right-handed screw rule, as shown in the figure, with the thumb pointing to the +X, +Y, +Z direction, the index of the index finger, middle finger, etc. is the +A, +B, +C direction of the circular feed motion.

The feed motion of CNC machine tools is realized by the spindle moving the tool movement, and some are realized by the work table carrying the workpiece motion. The positive direction of the above coordinate axis is the direction in which the workpiece is moved relative to the workpiece, assuming that the workpiece is not moving. If the workpiece is moved, it is indicated by the letter "". According to the relative motion, the positive direction of the workpiece motion is exactly opposite to the positive direction of the tool movement, that is:

+X=-X', +Y=-Y', +Z=-Z',

+A =-A', +B =-B', +C =-C'

Similarly, the negative directions of the two movements are opposite to each other. The direction of the machine axes depends on the type of machine and the layout of the components.

For lathes:

—— The Z axis coincides with the axis of the spindle, and moving in the positive direction of the Z axis will increase the distance between the part and the tool;

—— The X axis is perpendicular to the Z axis, corresponding to the radial movement of the turret tool holder. Moving in the positive direction of the X axis will increase the distance between the part and the tool;

- The Y- axis (usually dummy), together with the X- axis and the Z- axis, form a coordinate system that follows the right-hand rule.