OFweek electronic engineering network information is not all electric vehicles in the winter driving range will drop a lot, not all electric car owners do not dare to open air conditioning in summer. The key to deciding whether you can play with a pure electric car is to use a battery. As the core component of electric vehicles, batteries determine the length and duration of their driving range. When you really understand the "heart" of a car, you will have your own feelings.
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It's easy to drive a car, just pick it right, but it's not easy to control your mood. Therefore, before buying a pure electric car, you must solve its "heart", understand its temper, choose to let you drive a happy car.
At present, the most common types of electric vehicle batteries on the market are the following types: lead-acid batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium batteries and lithium cobalt oxide batteries. Each type of battery has its own "temper", what are the advantages and disadvantages of them?
Lead-acid batteries
Personality: good temper, stupid
Advantages: low price and stable voltage
Disadvantages: low driving capacity, serious pollution, low energy density
Application model: mostly used in low-speed electric vehicles
Lead-acid batteries are widely used batteries, and their advantages are voltage stability, relatively cheaper price, and large output current. To say its shortcomings, you can think of it as the bulky brown bear Baru in the movie "Fantasy Forest", especially the way it climbs the mountain, it is so stupid, it is not because it is too fat. The same is true for lead-acid batteries, which are bulky due to their low energy density. In addition, since the composition is a sulfuric acid electrolyte, environmental pollution is relatively serious after disposal. The biggest disadvantage is that the ability to continue driving is relatively low, so it can not meet the daily needs of people in pure electric vehicles. From the current point of view, lead-acid batteries are mostly used in low-speed electric vehicles, especially old scooters, electric cleaning vehicles, etc., and their technology has also been greatly improved.
Lithium iron phosphate battery
Personality: Good old man, but clunky and tempered
Advantages: long life, fast charging, safe use, etc.
Disadvantages: low energy density, low specific capacity, poor low temperature performance, etc.
Application models: JAC iEV4, BYD e6, Beiqi E150EV, Lifan 620EV, Qichen Chenfeng, etc.
Lithium iron phosphate battery is a kind of lithium ion battery, which is characterized by not containing precious metal elements such as cobalt. The raw materials used are phosphorus and iron. These elements are not only rich in resources, but also relatively inexpensive. Therefore, lithium iron phosphate The battery is like a "good old man" and is easily accepted. In addition, high battery safety, high temperature performance, high charge and discharge efficiency, environmental protection, etc. are also its advantages. However, it also has its own shortcomings. Due to the low energy density of the battery, its volume is relatively large; the battery capacity is small, so that its ability to continue driving is relatively low; after scrapping, the value of recyclability is very low; Moreover, because of its poor low temperature performance, it does not like to stay in the "cold" place, you say it is not tempered.
At present, lithium iron phosphate batteries are mostly used in some pure electric passenger cars, such as Jianghuai iEV4, BYD e6, Beiqi E150EV, Chery QQEV, Lifan 620EV, etc. These models can basically meet the daily commuting of consumers.
Ternary lithium battery
Personality: small but fine, but emotional
Advantages: high energy density and good cycle performance
Disadvantages: poor stability, poor high temperature resistance, short life, low power discharge rate
Application models: JAC iEV5, Changan Yidong EV, Beiqi Shengbao EV, etc.
The biggest advantage of the ternary lithium battery is that its energy density is high, so the battery volume will be relatively small, and this can effectively reduce the size of the vehicle, and the battery capacity is large, so that the driving range is improved. However, this "elf" character is a bit emotional. Due to the unstable structure of the ternary lithium battery under high temperature conditions, the safety of the battery is poor, and the current cost is relatively high. However, due to its "small but fine" advantage, coupled with the increasing demand for driving range, consumers have been receiving more and more attention from car companies in recent years. They try to avoid their defects by adopting certain technical and design measures.
At present, ternary lithium batteries, such as Jianghuai iEV5, Changan Yidong EV, Beiqi Shengbao EV, etc., have an average driving distance of more than 200km to meet the daily travel of consumers.
Lithium cobaltate battery
Personality: quiet little public, but may lose temper at any time
Advantages: stable structure, high capacity ratio, outstanding comprehensive performance
Disadvantages: security is not stable enough, high cost
Application model: Tesla models
Lithium cobaltate battery can be said to be Tesla's exclusive battery. It is called "quiet small public" by Fan Erjie mainly because, first of all, lithium cobalt oxide battery has the advantages of stable structure, high capacity ratio and high density. This makes it more outstanding in its ability to continue driving, and its comprehensive performance is better, so it can play its function as a battery well and quietly. However, its cost is high, and it can be said to be "a public level." As a "small public measure", it has a self-willed temper and its security is relatively unstable.
At present, this kind of battery is mainly used on Tesla models. However, Tesla's engineers have also designed and adjusted the packaging for their uneasy feelings, which can greatly reduce or avoid users' concern.
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