At present, from the global perspective, hybrid vehicles are on the eve of large-scale industrialization, and international and domestic auto companies are racing to develop hybrid vehicles. However, in order to truly realize the popularization of autonomous hybrid vehicles, there are still many obstacles to be overcome, including some key technical problems and too much cost increase, and the resource system of spare parts and components is not mature.
This article refers to the address: http://
Facing the huge challenges of transportation energy and environmental issues, energy-saving and new-energy vehicles, which are characterized by energy diversification, emission cleanliness and fuel economy, are rapidly developing and competing with each other, and have led to the electrification and electrification of automobile power. Great technological changes have promoted the rapid transformation of automotive energy and power.
Hybrid vehicles can maximize the dual advantages of internal combustion engines and pure electric vehicles without changing the existing automobile industry structure, energy (petroleum fuel) system, and users' habits of using vehicles, achieving energy conservation and environmental protection. Therefore, it is considered by the industry to be the most realistic and long-term effective energy conservation and environmental protection solution.
Hybrid cars are on the eve of industrialization
At present, from the global perspective, hybrid vehicles are on the eve of large-scale industrialization. Toyota's Prius, Estima, Crown, Coaster and other hybrid vehicles have been successfully listed, and have been compared in Japan, the United States and European countries. With great success, the cumulative production and sales volume has exceeded 600,000 units. Then Honda, Ford, GM, Daimler, Volkswagen, Citroen, Renault, BMW, Nissan, Hyundai, Mitsubishi and other major auto companies have also introduced various types of hybrid vehicles to the market. As of the end of 2008, the cumulative sales of hybrid vehicles in the world has exceeded one million.
In recent years, under the support of the national “863†plan, Changan, FAW, Dongfeng, Chery, Brilliance, Geely and other independent brand auto companies have competed to develop corresponding hybrid sedan, some of which have already declared national auto products announcements. However, most of the above-mentioned automobile companies adopt ISG mild mixing or BSG micro-mixing schemes, which are technically less difficult and have lower production costs. At the same time, we must be soberly aware that there are still many obstacles to be overcome to truly realize the popularity of autonomous hybrid vehicles, including some key technical problems and too much cost increase, and the resource system of spare parts and components is not mature. Specifically in:
1. As in foreign countries, the high cost and long recovery period have become the most important obstacles in the early stage of hybrid vehicles. Generally, a medium-sized hybrid car costs 20% to 30% more than a similar-sized internal combustion engine. If calculated according to the 100,000 yuan family car, the cost will increase by 20,000 yuan in the case of no profit, and the calculation will be 30,000 kilometers per year. When the oil price is 6 yuan, the payback period is 6.9 years; when the oil price is 5 yuan, the payback period is 8.3. year. According to the market survey, the user can accept the payback period of 1 to 1.5 years, that is, the user only accepts the price increase of 5% or less, which is quite different from the actual one, which seriously weakens the user's interest in purchasing the hybrid car.
2. There is a big gap between the key technology industrialization and the support of its industrial chain. In recent years, the rise of national autos has been mainly due to the existence of a broad low-end market space and high-speed growth of market capacity to form a powerful driving force. The rise of the national sedan industry relies mainly on the low-end product line, which is low in technology and can be purchased directly through independent innovation or from foreign design companies.
Companies such as Changan and Chery have cooperated with R&D and industrialization of hybrid technology, universities and research institutes in the United Nations, and even some R&D institutions in foreign countries. They invest tens of millions of yuan each year in technology research and development, and the state also has some financial support. However, there are still some key technologies for industrialization that require a final sprint breakthrough. The reliability of the system still requires a large number of experimental verifications. There is still a big gap in the industrialization of key core components, and the standard system is still not perfect.
For example, nickel-metal hydride batteries have always been a bottleneck. When promoting the industrialization of hybrid vehicles, the relevant departments inspected all the nickel-metal hydride battery suppliers in the country, and the manufacturers that fully met the industrialization requirements basically did not. In addition, there are gaps in the industrialization of key technical components such as ISG motors and various control systems.
The development of urban hybrid buses is different compared to passenger cars. According to statistics, 70% of urban residents in China go out on a daily basis. In urban conditions, buses frequently start, accelerate, brake, and park, and consume a lot of fuel. According to the survey, nearly 1/2 of the fuel is consumed by the car's frequent braking, which leaves a considerable room for the fuel economy of the hybrid bus.
Based on the above considerations, at present, at least 7 to 8 bus companies in China will develop and produce hybrid buses as the focus of research and development. After several years of development, although a series of major achievements have been made, the fuel economy rate of the bus has not reached the expected requirements. The main reasons include: 1. The braking process of the car is very short, generally not more than 10 seconds. In just a few seconds, the motor requires a large current to recover the braking energy effectively, but the charging rate of the battery is only half of the discharge rate, so the battery cannot accept high current charging. In theory, 50% to 60% of the braking energy of a car can be recovered, but the actual recovered braking energy is less than 20%. The simplest improvement is to increase the power battery capacity, for example, at least double the capacity, and the recycling system. Dynamic energy can be increased from 20% to 40%. However, this will greatly increase the cost of the whole vehicle and the weight of the vehicle. It may not be worth the loss in the economy. 2. If the hybrid bus is shut down by oil, even if the vehicle is immediately shut off, it can save about 10% of fuel (4L/100km). In fact, Domestic diesel engines are not designed specifically for hybrid vehicles. Generally, they are not allowed to stop and shut off frequently. Otherwise, the fuel supply system and exhaust gas booster may be damaged, which seriously affects the life of the diesel engine. Moreover, parking oil cuts must be equipped with electric steering oil pumps, electric air compressors and electric air conditioning systems, which will greatly increase the cost and weight of the whole vehicle. The two-phase trade-off is not necessarily cost-effective, so most of them have not realized the parking and fuel cut function in the near future. .
Private mould Round IP20 plastic housing series round types,look perfect with the round downlights,CE/ROHS/SAA/ETL/TUV/EMC,Input voltage can be both 110V and 220V,Wattage can be 1-80W, DALI/TRIAC/0-10V/PUSH/WIRELESS dimmable and non dimmable, flicker free,noise free,load free, Perfect dimming curve, PF>0.95,constant current 350mA 700mA 900mA 1200mA,constant voltage 12V 24V 36V, parameters can be customization,OEM/ODM is supported,Same appearances but different sizes, forming a perfect product line,Use for led panel light,led strip light and other indoor led lights
Round LED Driving Lights,LED Driving Lights,Small Round LED Driver,36W Round LED Driver
HAURUI LIGHTING CO.,LTD , http://www.huaruileddriver.com