The following are the first three types of basic products, such as LED lamps, LED bulbs and LED drivers, and the UL safety standards and special precautions that should be referred to when they are used in each finished product or part, so as to be the product. A basic guide to safety testing. However, the table is for the reader's reference only, and the actual classification of the product must still be determined according to the purpose of the product and its use environment.
| Application product | Safety standard | Precautions |
LED light fixture | ||
Indicator light | UL 48 | - |
Hand lamp, kitchen cabinet lamp, table lamp, standing lamp, wall lamp, etc. (all with power cord plug) | UL 153 | Covers portable luminaires, connected via a plug of the power cord to a branch circuit nominally 120 volts 15 or 20 amps |
Christmas string | UL 588 | - |
Emergency light, exit light | UL 924 | - |
Display cabinet, mirror light | UL 962 | - |
Stage lights | UL 1573 | - |
Step light, ceiling light, chandelier, wall light, street light, column light, etc. (all without power cord plug) | UL 1598 | Covers fixed fixtures for use in non-hazardous areas and is mounted on branch circuits below 600 V. |
Night light | UL 1786 | - |
Low pressure garden light (without power cord plug) | UL 1838 | - |
Water pipe light | UL 2388 | - |
LED bulb | ||
Indicating light bulb | UL 496 | - |
LED bulb (ANSI Base) with driver circuit | UL 1993 | E27 Base is a European standard and cannot be used in the North American market. North American market requires E26 Base |
LED bulb (non-ANSI Base) with drive circuit | UL 496 | - |
LED module, no drive circuit | UL 60950-1 | - |
LED driver | ||
Power supply (with LPS safety circuit) | UL 60950-1 | Output LPS safety loop, LED module and LED control module do not need electrical enclosure (Enclosure) |
Power supply (without Class 2 safety circuit) | UL 1012 | LED modules and LED control modules are required to provide appropriate electrical enclosure (Enclosure) protection |
Power supply (with Class 2 safety circuit) | UL 1310 | Output Class 2 safety circuit, LED module and LED control module do not require electrical enclosure (Enclosure) |
Drive (with LPS/Class 2 safety loop) | UL 935 | Output LPS / Class 2 safety circuit, LED module and LED control module do not need electrical enclosure (Enclosure) |
Low pressure garden light power supply | UL 1838 | LED modules and LED control modules are required to provide appropriate electrical enclosure (Enclosure) protection |
Subject 8750 security assessment and testing
After a general understanding of the standards that each product should refer to, the following will briefly explain the Subject 8750 that is complementary to the above criteria. Subject 8750 has been updated to the third revision and is divided into 12 chapters. Chapters 1 - 4 are: general categories including categories and definitions; chapters 5 - 9 are: structural requirements; chapters 10 - 11 are : Test evaluation; Chapter 12: Product labeling. The following are two major content architecture statements for “Structure Requirements†and “Test Evaluationâ€. However, the reader is particularly reminded that since the product usage of each safety standard is different from the environmental regulations, the degree of adoption of the Subject 8750 specification is naturally different.
I. Structural requirements (Chapters 5 - 9)
1. Environmental considerations: The product is used in different environments, such as Dry, Damp, Wet, etc. Safety standards for charged body spacing, plastic housing, testing, warning signs (Marking) Wait, there will be different requirements.
2. Mechanical structural requirements: This part of the safety requirements of the first heavy-duty shell, and focus on fire, electric shock, anti-collision and other properties; in addition to the thickness of the metal shell, corrosion resistance and physical characteristics of the plastic shell are also required, Other regulations include partitions, internal protection, tensile strength, and glue filling.
3. Electrical structural requirements: including contact with dangerous live parts, exposed junction terminals, internal junctions, connection between power supply and load terminals, isolation of circuits, use of insulating materials, specifications of printed circuit boards, and charged bodies Spacing, electronic components, protective devices, and energy limits for Class 2 or LPS safety circuits are within the specifications of this section.
4. Other requirements: such as LED power supply, LED array, LED module and LED control module and other safety and housing requirements. The power supply for the LEDs can be verified by the following standards, including UL 1012, UL 1310 and UL 60950-1. Basically, LED arrays, LED modules, and LED control modules do not have any electrical enclosure requirements as long as they are located on the LPS / Class 2 safety loop. LED luminaires are basically insulated for power supply output, and are identical to no isolation at all. For LED arrays, LED modules and LED control modules, it is recommended to comply with LPS / Class 2 if the power supply used does not exceed the LPS / Class 2. On the other hand, if the energy used is greater than LPS / Class 2, there is no insulation provided to isolate the primary side and secondary side power circuits, and there is no difference in the requirements for the plastic case.
Second, test evaluation (Chapter 10 - 11)
In the test project part of Subject 8750, UL often tests the product as follows: Input Test, LED Module Normal Operations Temperature Test, Di ELectric Voltage Withstand Test, Abnormal Condition Tests, Unreliable Component Abnormal Tests, 50-W Point Power Measurement Tests, etc.
LED Lamps Latest Product Category (CCN)
Because of the growing range of LED luminaire applications, this year, UL has defined new product categories (CCN) related to LED applications such as OOQA2 (LED Module, UL 8750), FKSZ (LED Driver, UL935), OOLV (energy-saving light bulb, UL1993), QOVZ (portable LED light fixture, UL153), QOVA (LED kitchen light, UL153), IFAM (LED fixed light fixture, UL1598), IFAO (LED light, UL1598), etc. Apply for UL safety according to different product categories. Here is a list of CCNs that are currently more relevant to the industry, including OOQA2 and FKSZ as follows:
| CCN | definition |
OOQA2 | For the module of the LED light source, the luminaire manufacturer can integrate it into the assembly of the luminaire |
FKSZ | LED driver (Driver) |
Remarks: Power supplies verified by UL 1012, UL 1310 and UL 60950-1 can also be applied to become FKSZ LED drivers.
Although LEDs are used in the technology of luminaires, there are still issues such as insufficient luminous efficiency and heat dissipation limitations. However, in the era of green energy, the development prospects of the LED light source market are still very promising. Although the safety standards for LED luminaires are still in the stage of running-in, if the industry is conducting product development, it can actively inject new safety thinking and keep an eye on product testing information on the international market, which will certainly enhance the competition of products in the future. force.
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