The 5G network has always been a hot topic for everyone. Let's take a look at the 5G network with Xiaobian today. This article is mainly to introduce 5G network is better than 4G network? 5g network is coming, now the mobile phone has to be eliminated. What are the mobile phones supporting 5G network?
5G is better than 4GFor several consumers, the value of 5G is that it has a faster speed than 4g LTE (peak rate can reach tens of Gbps), for example, you can download a high-definition movie in one second, and 4G LTE may have 10 minute. It is precisely because of this unique advantage that the industry generally believes that 5G will play an important role in the fields of driverless cars, VR and the Internet of Things.
Compared with 4G, the 5G upgrade is comprehensive. According to the definition of 3GPP, 5G has high performance, low latency and high capacity characteristics, which are mainly reflected in millimeter wave, small base station, Massive MIMO, full duplex and beam. Forming these five major technologies.
1, millimeter wave
It is well known that as the number of devices connected to wireless networks increases, the problem of scarce spectrum resources is becoming increasingly prominent. At least for now, we can only share limited bandwidth over extremely narrow spectrum, which greatly affects the user experience.
So how do you achieve the dozens of Gbps peak speeds provided by 5G?
As we all know, wireless transmission increases the transmission rate generally in two ways, one is to increase spectrum utilization, and the other is to increase the spectrum bandwidth. The 5G using millimeter wave (26.5-300 GHz) is the second method to increase the rate. In the 28 GHz band, the available spectrum bandwidth reaches 1 GHz, while the available signal bandwidth per channel in the 60 GHz band is 2 GHz.
In the history of mobile communications, this is the first time that new band resources have been opened. Prior to this, millimeter waves were only used on satellite and radar systems, but now operators have begun to use millimeter waves to test between base stations.
Of course, the biggest disadvantage of millimeter waves is that the penetration is poor and the attenuation is large. Therefore, it is not easy to transmit 5G communication in the millimeter wave band in a high-rise environment, and the small base station will solve this problem.
2, small base station
The above mentioned millimeter wave has poor penetration and a large attenuation in air, but because the frequency of the millimeter wave is very high and the wavelength is short, this means that the antenna size can be made small, which is small deployment. The basis of the base station.
It is foreseeable that in the future, 5G mobile communication will no longer rely on the deployment structure of large base stations, and a large number of small base stations will become a new trend, which can cover the peripheral communication that cannot be touched by large base stations.
Because of the large size reduction, we can set up a small base station around 250 meters. In this way, operators can deploy thousands of small base stations in each city to form a dense network. Each base station can receive signals from other base stations. And send data to users in any location. Of course, you don't have to worry about power consumption. The small base station is not only smaller than the large base station in terms of scale, but also greatly reduced in power consumption.
In addition to millimeter-wave broadcasting, 5G base stations will have many more antennas than current cellular base stations, namely Massive MIMO technology.
3, Massive MIMO
The existing 4G base station has only a dozen antennas, but the 5G base station can support hundreds of antennas. These antennas can form a large-scale antenna array by Massive MIMO technology, which means that the base station can transmit and receive signals from more users at the same time. Thereby increasing the capacity of the mobile network by dozens of times or more.
MIMO (MulTIple-Input MulTIple-Output) means multiple input and multiple output. In fact, this technology has been applied to some 4G base stations. But so far, Massive MIMO has only been tested in the lab and in several field trials.
Lund University professor Ove Edfors pointed out that "Massive MIMO opens a new direction for wireless communication. When traditional systems use time or frequency domain for resource sharing between different users, Massive MIMO introduces a spatial domain. The way is to use a large number of antennas at the base station and to synchronize them, so that it can achieve several times the gain in spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency."
Undoubtedly, Massive MIMO is the key technology for 5G commercialization, but multi-antenna is bound to bring more interference, and beamforming is the key to solve this problem.
4, beamforming
The main challenge of Massive MIMO is to reduce interference, but it is because Massive MIMO technology integrates more antennas per antenna array. If these antennas can be effectively controlled, the space of each electromagnetic wave it emits cancels or enhances each other. A narrow beam can be formed instead of omnidirectional transmission. The limited energy is concentrated in a specific direction for transmission, not only the transmission distance is further, but also the signal interference is avoided. This wireless signal (electromagnetic wave) is pressed. The technique of propagating in a particular direction is called beamforming.
The advantage of this technology is not only that, it can improve spectrum utilization. With this technology, we can send more information from multiple antennas at the same time; in large-scale antenna base stations, we can even calculate the signal transmission through signal processing algorithms. The best path, and ultimately the location of the mobile terminal. Therefore, beamforming can solve the problem that the millimeter wave signal is blocked by the obstacle and the long distance is attenuated. In addition, the last big feature of 5G is the full-duplex technology.
5, full duplex
Full-duplex technology means that the transmitter and receiver of the device occupy the same frequency resources and work at the same time, so that both ends of the communication can use the same frequency at the same time in the uplink and downlink, breaking the existing frequency division duplex (FDD). And Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode, which is one of the keys to communication nodes to achieve two-way communication, and is also a key technology for high throughput and low latency required by 5G.
Simultaneous reception and transmission on the same channel greatly increases spectral efficiency. However, 5G's use of this disruptive technology is also facing no small challenge. According to the information released before Mobile Communications, there are three major challenges:
(1) Circuit board design, self-interference cancellation circuit needs to meet the conditions of wide frequency (more than 100MHZ) and multiple MIMO (more than 32 antennas), and requires small size, low power consumption and low cost.
(2) Optimization design issues of the physical layer and the MAC layer, such as coding, modulation, synchronization, detection, interception, collision avoidance, ACK, etc., especially for physical layer optimization of MIMO.
(3) Control plane optimization for dynamic switching between full-duplex and half-duplex, and optimization of existing frame structure and control signaling.
Although the momentum of 5G far exceeds the previous 4G, the future of 5G is still full of uncertainty, and now we need to wait for these technologies to move from experimental to practical.
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