To safely use electrical equipment, it is inseparable from the protection of safety devices. Safety devices for electrical equipment are safety devices that safely use electrical equipment to prevent electrical accidents. Such as: fuses, circuit breakers, etc. Safety devices for electrical equipment are “protective gods†for safe production. In daily work, accidents due to malfunction of protective devices are not uncommon. Therefore, the safety protection device should be sensitive and reliable at all times, otherwise it is easy to accident.
1. Fuse. Fuses are typically installed on the grid and electrical lines and are the most basic safety devices. When the electrical equipment is short-circuited or overloaded, the fuse of the fuse will blow itself, cutting off the circuit and avoiding electrical equipment accidents or personal injury or death. After the fuse of the fuse is blown, it should still be configured according to the original specifications. It cannot be replaced by other wires or super-specified fuses. Otherwise, it will not be safely protected and prone to accidents.
2. Circuit breakers. The circuit breaker is also called the overload protection switch. When the circuit is overloaded and exceeds the allowable limit or short circuit, the safety device of the current circuit can be automatically disconnected. If the circuit breaker is damaged or cracked, such as tension porcelain bottle and supporting porcelain bottle, or at the same time, grounding, cylinder explosion, serious leakage, switch jumping vibration, casing terminal melting or melting, intrusion side casing bursting, ignition or continuous occurrence In the event of a spark or other malfunction, immediate emergency measures should be taken for repair or replacement.
3. Leakage protector. Leakage protectors are a kind of protection switch device that prevents electrical equipment or lines from being accidentally leaked. When the electrical equipment leaks, the switch device can quickly cut off the power supply to prevent accidental charging of the casing and the frame to endanger the human body. The device should match the rating of the equipment or line and be able to operate with high sensitivity. It is usually installed in conductive iron plates, electric frames, water, liquids, wet materials, etc. and in movable circuits and electrical equipment with a ground voltage higher than 150V.
4. Safe voltage. The safety voltage is a series of voltages that are supplied by a specific power source to prevent electric shock. China's specified safety voltage rating is 42V, 36V, 12V, 6V, and the commonly used safety voltage is 36V and 12V, such as portable lighting, portable power tools. If there is no special safety structure and safety measures, a safe voltage of 36V should also be used. In the environment where the working place is narrow, the operation is difficult, and there are large grounding bodies around, such as metal containers, tunnels, and mines, portable lighting should use a safe voltage of 12V.
5. Screen protection. Screen protection is an effective protection against electric shock, electric short circuit and electric burn. When some electrical equipment is inconvenient to insulate or has low strength and cannot guarantee safe operation, measures such as shielding and guarding should be adopted, such as using a shielding rod. Shield, box, etc. The shielding rod (also known as the curtain) is a screen guard that is used to prevent the operator from accidentally touching or excessively approaching the charged body and operating at a safe distance. Generally made of dry wood, rubber or other tough insulating materials, the height should not be less than 1.7m, and the ground below should not exceed 10cm. Between the shielding rod and the charged body, according to the level of the voltage, there should be a corresponding safety distance. For special work requirements, the shielding board with high insulation performance can be used to partially contact the covered charged body. All parts that use the shielding bar (sliding bar) should be hung with warning signs and warning signs of “high voltage danger†or “electric hazardâ€, and use signal devices such as lights or sounds to indicate that there is electricity not to be close, and when the human body crosses When the screen protector is close to the charged body, the charged body of the screen protector can automatically cut off the interlocking device of the power supply to ensure the safety of personnel. The material of the screen protector should have sufficient mechanical strength and good flame resistance. The screen protector made of metal should pay attention to insulation and reliable grounding or zero connection.
6. Insulation. The use of non-conductive gases, liquids and solids to isolate or shield the charged body is called insulation. Insulation is an important measure to ensure the safe operation of electrical equipment lines and prevent electric shock accidents. Under normal circumstances, the insulation resistance should not be lower than 0.5MΩ; the insulation strength of the low-voltage line and equipment in operation is in accordance with the provisions of the power equipment handover test procedure: 1V working voltage correspondingly has an insulation resistance of not less than 1kΩ; The insulation strength of the line and equipment under the occasion requires that the 1V working voltage has an insulation resistance of not less than 500Ω; the insulation resistance of the control line is generally required to be not less than 1MΩ.
7. Protective grounding and zeroing. Protective grounding and zeroing are important precautions to prevent electrical equipment leakage or accidental electrification. Grounding is a kind of protective measure for connecting the metal parts of the ground voltage that may be dangerous in the case of faults; the zero connection is to connect the unpowered metal parts of the electrical equipment to the grid zero line under normal conditions. A protective measure. The grounding should meet the safety requirements, the connection must be firm, the depth of the ground should not be less than 0.6m, and the distance with the building should be more than 1.5m.
In order to use electrical equipment safely and efficiently, in addition to good electrical equipment and reliable safety devices, we must also have corresponding safety regulations and systems, and implement them in daily work.
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