1 traction motor winding resistance shell ground short circuit
phenomenon
The current increases sharply, the main switch of the power supply fuses or automatically jumps, and the control line is powered off; the temperature of the motor rises sharply, which is much higher than the rating of the nameplate; the insulation resistance of the winding to the motor casing is zero (if the motor is a single winding YY/Y connection) When the method is used, the resistance of the six outlet terminals of the motor to the casing is zero. When the double winding Y/Y is connected, the three outlet terminals of the motor have zero resistance to the casing; the casing is located at the lower end of the motor winding.
the reason
1. The winding itself has trauma, such as the embedded wire and the grooved wedge, the wire insulation has mechanical damage hazard; the use of the insulation strength is reduced for a long time, causing local electrical breakdown. 2. Oil leakage in the lubricating oil chamber of the motor, impregnation of the windings, moisture and dust in the oil will reduce the insulation level of the winding, which will cause heat due to leakage and lead to breakdown. 3. The elevator frequently starts braking (the starting current is generally 3 to 4 times of the rated current), the motor is in a high temperature operation for a long time, and the insulation is prematurely aged and is broken down.
Prevention and treatment
1. Before using the motor, measure the insulation resistance with a 500V insulation shaker, which is required to be 0.5MΩ or more. 2. Keep the windings, especially the lower end, clean during maintenance, often using a tiger to blow off dust and debris. 3. Avoid oil leakage in the oil chamber, ensure that the winding is not impregnated with oil. If necessary, drill a through hole of Φ10~16mm at the lowest part of the lower end of the motor end cover to avoid oil-impregnated winding of the end cover. 4. Reduce the running load continuation rate (JC) of the motor so that the temperature rise of the motor does not exceed the allowable value. If necessary, install the thermal element of the motor to achieve automatic temperature control. 5. Install a cooling fan. 6. If the motor windings do have a shell, the windings can only be rewinded.
2 traction motor "shooting axis"
Phenomenon The motor vibrates while it is running, and the sound is heard between the motor shaft and the copper sleeve. Severe people smoke on the shaft.
the reason
1. The lubricating oil chamber is short of oil and the motor shaft is not lubricated. 2. The oil ring failure does not bring oil. 3. The wear of the journal and the copper sleeve makes the gap too large, and the oil gap cannot be formed, resulting in dry friction. 4. The different shaft degrees of the motor and reducer are out of tolerance. 5. The lubricating grease is not good, the grade is wrong or too dirty, and the journal is not well lubricated.
Approach
1. Pay attention to the oil quantity in the oil compartment. The oil level should be in the standard position of the oil standard. 2. Check if the motor oil ring is rotating normally. 3. Regularly clean the oil compartment (usually once a quarter), the oil should be clean, the grade should meet the requirements (usually No. 30 oil). 4. Correct the different axial degrees of the motor and the gearbox.
3 motor "broom"
The phenomenon of the motor beating and emitting a regular metal friction sound (one rotation once), the elevator is not stable.
the reason
1. The motor runs for a long time, the wear of the copper sleeve is greater than the air gap between the stator and rotor, and the rotor sinks and rubs against the stator (such as 7.5~10KW motor. When the wear of the sliding bearing is greater than 0.9mm, the broom occurs). 2. The wear is serious. The increase of the different axial values ​​of the motor and the reducer causes the elevator to run unstable (the different axial degrees of the traction machine, the elastic coupling is less than 0.1mm, and the rigid coupling is less than 0.02mm).
Treatment method 1. Replace the new copper sleeve and check the wear amount of the motor journal, stator and rotor. 2. Re-adjust the different shaft degrees of the motor and reducer.
4 Motor "holding shaft" (so-called glue)
Phenomenon The motor can't start, the motor has a screaming noise, and the temperature of the faulty part is as high as 100 °C, smoking.
Cause The oil compartment is short of oil or oily circuit; the lubricating oil is too dirty or the spleen is wrong, the journal bushing cannot be lubricated, and the copper sleeve is deformed.
Treatment method 1. Scrape the old sleeve or replace it with a new one. 2. Rinse the oil chamber and add 30# oil to the standard position of the oil standard.
5 Motor temperature rise exceeds nameplate data
Phenomenon The motor temperature is too high, the case is hot, and when it is serious, there is an odor.
the reason
The running speed of the elevator motor exceeds the rated load continuation rate; the long-term use of the slow-speed winding (the nameplate stipulates that the motor slow-moving time must not exceed 3 minutes); the motor windings are partially leaked (not broken down), the sliding bearing is poorly lubricated, and the traction machine has different axes. Large deviations, jamming, etc. can cause excessive temperature rise; sudden phase failure in elevator operation causes single-phase operation; elevator room is poorly ventilated (especially in summer).
Approach
1. Improve the operating system so that the motor load duration is consistent with the actual. 2. When the temperature reaches the specified value, it should be stopped for about 1 hour to naturally cool the motor. 3. Adjust the speed change time, reduce the creep distance, minimize the number of use and the use time of the slow speed winding, and avoid using the local train to transport passengers. 4. Strengthen maintenance and lubrication, and eliminate excessive temperature rise caused by factors such as jamming. 5. Install the phase sequence relay to avoid phase failure. 6. Strengthen the ventilation of the machine room (open the ventilation window or install the exhaust fan).
6 Elevator performance deteriorates when the motor approaches the rated temperature rise (90°)
Phenomenon elevators start slowly, brakes are unstable, speed change time is extended, and leveling is out of tolerance.
the reason
1. The winding copper wire resistance is proportional to the temperature. When the temperature rises, the DC resistance of the winding rises and the copper consumption increases. At the same time, the iron loss also increases due to the change of the excitation current. Therefore, the converted impedance of the winding deviates from the design value, so that the electromagnetic performance, power factor, output of the motor and the like of the motor are lowered, which reflects that the overall running performance of the elevator is deteriorated. 2. The high temperature of the motor is transmitted to the copper sleeve, so that the viscosity of the lubricating oil is lowered, the oil film is thinned, the load bearing capacity is lowered, and the performance of the motor is further deteriorated. 3. The room area is narrow and the heat dissipation conditions are poor, especially in the summer, the temperature of the machine room is high, which affects the normal operation of the electrical components and makes the control link unstable.
Approach
1. Reasonably arrange the elevator running time, reduce the no-load and light-load operation of the elevator. When the temperature rise reaches the specified value, the elevator will be naturally cooled for 1h. 2. Replace the motor with a higher power level. 3. The convection window is opened in the equipment room or the exhaust fan is installed to facilitate heat dissipation. 4. Find out the cause of the overload (mainly the elevator jam, the elevator balance factor should be between 40% and 50%).
7 Oil leakage at the motor sliding bearing
Phenomenon The lower end of the motor end cover and the winding end are covered with oil or even accumulated lubricating oil.
Cause 1. The oil level is too high above the specified oil level. 2. The seal at both ends of the oil plug and the sliding bearing is not good. 3. The viscosity of the lubricating oil is too small.
Treatment method 1. The oil level should be in the standard position. 2. Adjust or replace the high quality seal. 3. Lubricating oil generally uses 30# oil.
8 DC motor commutator spark is too large
The spark between the phenomenon brush and the commutator is too large, and the commutator and the brush are heated.
the reason
1. The brush is not on the neutral line. 2. The surface of the commutator is not flat, and the brush and the commutator are in poor contact. 3. The brush number is wrong, the quality is not good, the pressure is too big or too small. 4. The motor is overloaded.
Approach
1. Adjust the brush to the neutral line by induction. 2. Repair the sanding commutator 3. Replace the brush and adjust the brush pressure (0.025~0.04MPa). 4. Identify the cause of motor overload and eliminate it.
9 DC motor smoke
Phenomenon of the motor inside the fire, smoke.
the reason
1. Under the brush, the spark is too large to form a ring fire; the commutator piece and the armature winding are filled with brush powder and grease stain, causing combustion. 2. The armature winding has a short circuit fault. 3. The motor leads are not touched or loose. 4. The motor is overloaded.
Approach
1. Check the insulation and surface wear between the brush and the commutator. 2. Check if the armature winding is hot or not. 3. Remove motor and commutator grease and powder. 4. Check the cause of the overload.
10 DC motor commutator commutator burnt black
Phenomenon is burnt black at every angle of the commutator on the rounded corners of the commutator. After each cleaning and trimming, these pieces are still black.
The blackened commutator winding lead wires or the equalizing wires connected to these commutator segments are poorly soldered or have an open circuit failure.
Treatment method Re-weld or replace the armature winding and the equalizing line.
11 DC motor running oscillation
The phenomenon of current and speed changes drastically with whistling.
Cause 1. The brush is not on the neutral line. 2. The excitation current is too small or the excitation circuit is in poor contact. 3. The power supply voltage of the motor fluctuates or the power line is not in good contact.
12 reducer worm shaft
When the phenomenon is serious, the elevator cannot start running, and the car does not move (the brake brake should be released). When it is slight, the elevator runs at a low speed and the drive is hard (the brake brake should be released).
the reason
1. The fuel tank lacks lubricating oil and the sliding bearing is not lubricated. 2. The oil is mixed with impurities (such as dust). After the running, the copper hole is blocked, so that the sliding bearing is not lubricated, the oil gap cannot be formed, and the oil quality is not good. 3. The gap between the worm shaft and the sliding bearing is too small or different.
Approach
1. Use the heating method to retreat the copper bushing of the holding shaft, and lightly scrape it and reuse it; if it is heavy, replace the copper bushing. 2. Adjust the different shaft degrees to ensure the clearance (different shaft requirements: elastic joint is less than 0.1mm, rigid joint is less than 0.02mm). 3. Filter the lubricant to keep it clean and free of debris. The oil level should not be lower than the oil mark centerline. 4. After the new gearbox runs for 6 months, flush the fuel tank with kerosene and replace the qualified new lubricant. 5. It is forbidden to replace the reducer oil with ordinary oil. It is necessary to use gear oil (HL-20 for winter, HL-30 for summer; HJ3-28 rolling steel oil or 22nd synthetic gear oil).
13 reducer traction wheel bearing lock female loose elevator operation blocked
When the motor is running, one direction is normal, the other direction is blocked, and the elevator cannot be stepped after changing speed.
the reason
The reducer traction bearing is loose, the lock is running in the forward direction, the lock is locked, the bearing is unobstructed, and the operation is normal; otherwise, the lock nut is pulled out against the inner side of the bearing end cover, and the traction sheave bearing is blocked and hinders the operation. At low speed, the motor power is not enough to go up the ladder.
Disposal method Open the bearing end cover of the fault side traction sheave, tighten the nut and solidify the fixing block.
14 traction sheave wear
During the phenomenon of running, the sheave groove is broken.
the reason
1. The traction wheel is not well spheroidized, the hardness is lower than the technical conditions (HB190??220, and the hardness difference between the same wheel is not greater than HB15). 2. The traction rope is not in the center position of the wheel groove, causing the rope groove to be eccentric, or the rope groove does not meet the design requirements. 3. The Y-axis projection of the center line of the two rope grooves of the anti-rotary wheel and the traction sheave does not coincide. 4. The tension of the wire rope is uneven, which increases the wear.
Treatment method 1. Check the hardness of the sheave. When the tolerance is too large, replace the new one. 2. Adjust the position of the center line of the sheave groove. 3. Adjust the tension of the wire rope, the difference should not exceed 5%.
15 reducer worms are large
When the elevator stops braking, the traction sheave swings back and forth, and the worm moves back and forth, resulting in poor comfort.
the reason
1. The rear end cover of the worm stops the washer and the claw is released, and the worm lock nut is loose or withdrawn. 2. The gasket of the rear end cover is too thick, so that the worm is too large. 3. The worm wheel wears severely, the tooth shape is thin and the engagement gap is large.
Approach
1. Lift the car, support the counterweight, open the rear end cover to replace the anti-return pad, tighten the lock nut to adjust the amount of worm (the amount of worm gear is 0.04 ~ 0.1mm, the meshing backlash is qualified from 0.19 ~ 0.38mm). 2. Reduce the thickness of the back cover gasket and reduce the gasket of the worm wheel seat, and properly squirt the worm gear to reduce the meshing clearance of the worm gear.
16 motor and coupling matching keyway scrolling button
phenomenon
When the brake is stopped, the traction sheave sometimes swings back and forth, and the car is bumped up and down. When the car is cranked, the motor shaft and the coupling move relative to each other, and the two sides of the motor keyway are peeled off into a bell mouth shape.
the reason
1. The key and slot are out of tolerance when leaving the factory; the key is not fully embedded in the slot during assembly, the force area is smaller than the design value, and the long-term positive and negative motion causes local stress concentration. 2. The number of times the coupling was disassembled during maintenance was too many, which destroyed the original matching accuracy. 3. The material has insufficient strength.
Approach
1. Ensure the matching precision of the keys during assembly. 2. If there is no special situation during maintenance, do not disassemble the coupling to avoid damage accuracy. 3. In order to ensure safety, if there is a keyway peeling off, replace a shaft and coupling that is milled with a keyway.
17 Reducer rolling bearing running sound is abnormal
The phenomenon of the bearing is hot and the noise is high.
the reason
1. The lubricant is too full or too little; the grease is too dirty, the oil is poor or dry and agglomerated. 2. The bearing and the journal are too tight or too loose (so-called inner or outer ring), the bearing is damaged, and the roller is broken. 3. Bearing selection does not match the grade or the quality is too bad.
Treatment method 1. Replace the qualified new bearing. 2.
Clean the bearings and inject the cleaned lubricant into the 2/3 oil compartment. 3. Strengthen the maintenance, and use the grease gun to squeeze out the old oil to replenish the new oil every day.
18 The iron core in the brake coil of the traction machine is not good.
The phenomenon of the brake coil core is not good, the brake arm is not open, and sometimes the brake shoe.
the reason
1. The core electromagnetic gap is too large, the magnetic resistance increases, and the suction is insufficient. The air gap is too small, and the two iron cores have withstood, causing the brake arm to not be reset. 2. There is a jam between the iron core and the magnetic isolation copper sleeve, and the suction and release are blocked. 3. The power supply voltage is too low to make the voltage at the start of the coil lower than DC 110V, or the power supply voltage fluctuates. 4. The resistance of the economic resistance, the brake coil and the discharge resistor are not properly matched, and the shunt is too large, so that the maintenance voltage of the coil is not enough, and the action is not simple.
Approach
1. Adjust the iron core air gap properly. 2. Measure the coil voltage and adjust the matching between the economic resistance and the discharge resistance value and the coil. Under normal circumstances, the brake coil starting voltage is DC 110V, and the voltage is maintained at 60~70v to keep the brake action normal. 3. Clean the iron core and the copper sleeve, remove the iron filings and oil stains adsorbed on the iron core, and apply graphite powder on the iron core to reduce the frictional resistance. 4.
The brake arm rotates in the small shaft oil hole regularly (this is mostly ignored, causing the oil hole to rust). 5. Reversely connect an 800V diode in the discharge resistance of the brake coil to ensure voltage regulation and reduce shunt current.
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