A hydrogen-powered car is like your dream: dreaming of playing a guitar or writing a world-famous novel. But as time flies, you involuntarily lose confidence in it. Don't forget, it has been 50 years since GM took the name of protecting the environment and unveiled the cutting-edge technology of this car. From the national TV station, Jack Nicholson put his face on a hydrogen-powered car. It has been 38 years since the exhaust pipe was used for non-toxic steam beauty. Brad Pitt’s BMW Hydrogen 7 Series, which was played at the premiere of Thirteen Arhats, is 9 years ago. If the celebrity's pursuit and pioneering trend are the vane, the current highway should be a hydrogen-powered car. However, after so many years, why are these cars that do not drink gasoline still on the way to the vector production?
At present, the demand for environmentally friendly vehicles has become clear. However, according to the Guardian, 95% of vehicles still rely on oil. Cars powered by fossil fuels account for nearly one-fifth of the carbon emissions, and one gallon of gasoline produces 19 pounds of carbon dioxide. It is this that has caused climate change and has become the root cause of many national security crises.
H in the periodic table of the chemical element represents colorless and odorless hydrogen (H2), and may also represent "help" or "hope". Unlike internal combustion engines, hydrogen-powered vehicles are equipped with fuel cells that generate electrical energy through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The process is completely clean, with no gas emissions and no toxic by-products. The chemical reaction has only two products: water and energy. And because the United States can produce hydrogen on its own, this will undoubtedly reduce the United States' dependence on foreign oil resources.
Senior member of the Center for American Progress, former US Department of Energy official, "Reality and Illusion in the Climate Rescue Competition - Hydrogen Energy for Transitional Propaganda", "Climate Change Everyone Needs to Know", etc. The author, physicist Dr. Joseph Romm, said that all this sounds unbelievable, but in fact hydrogen-powered cars are difficult to mass produce and promote. In recent years, the most environmentally-friendly hydrogen-powered cars have been eclipsed by the poor electric cars.
“The hydrogen-powered car missed the ship. It was like the videotape standard of the cassette recorder system (Betamax) and the home TV recorder system (VHS) in the 1990s. Once the market decided its direction, the losing party It will be swept away. Since electric vehicle batteries have reached the mass production price and have been declining, hydrogen-powered vehicles will no longer have a chance to achieve huge market success." In fact, in the first half of 2016 alone, More than 64,000 new electric vehicles have taken to the streets, and for hydrogen-powered cars, until 2027, there will be no more than 70,000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
In terms of starting, the infrastructure of electric vehicles – the charging network – is already in place. The construction of a hydrogen refueling station network and the so-called hydrogen energy highway are prohibitive. Just a hydrogen refueling station would take 36 months to build and cost $1 million. The hydrogen-powered car itself is also expensive to manufacture (the fuel cell requires a platinum catalyst), which means that the final price will be very high. In the United States, the most expensive model to be sold is Toyota Mirai, which retails for $58,365. (although there is a tax refund)
Hydrogen storage is also a major difficulty. The liquid hydrogen space is the least demanding, but it needs to be stored at -427 degrees Fahrenheit (-225 degrees Celsius), which takes a lot of energy to maintain this temperature. Hydrogen is the smallest molecular weight gas, lighter than helium, so it is very easy to escape. In addition, the same amount of hydrogen (liquid) is three times the volume of gasoline, which means that a 40-ton truck can transport 26 tons of gasoline at a time, and can only transport 0.44 tons of compressed hydrogen.
Moreover, although recycled energy can be used to produce hydrogen, 95% of hydrogen in the United States is now produced from fossil fuels. Therefore, although hydrogen is a clean energy source, the production process is not clean, or at least for now.
However, some experts still believe that hydrogen-powered cars will at least be part of the transportation force in the near future. Among them is Joan Ogden, associate professor of the School of Environmental Science and Policy at the University of California, associate researcher in energy policy at the Institute of Transportation, and deputy director of the Hydrogen Energy Highway Program.
"I don't think that in the future, the auto industry will be so single in the past 100 years, we will see more diverse license plates: electric cars, plug-in hybrid cars and hydrogen fuel cell cars." Ogden believes that the United States has enough The motivation to build a hydrogen energy infrastructure to promote the large-scale application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Japan, Germany and South Korea already have a large number of fuel cell vehicles on the road, followed by Australia, Norway, Denmark and China. In the United States, California has opened 23 hydrogen refueling stations for retail operations thanks to support from the 8th Parliament Act, which is expected to reach 100 by 2020. Information from H2USA, a public-private partnership dedicated to promoting hydrogen energy vehicles in the United States, shows that the northeastern United States will see a new wave.
Indeed, hydrogenation seems to be more expensive than adding gasoline. (Based on price-energy, the cost of hydrogen is close to 5.6 per gallon of oil), but hydrogen-powered cars have longer cruising range than other new-energy vehicles. A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle can travel 300 miles (483 kilometers) in a single hydrogenation, and it is extremely difficult for an electric car to reach this mileage. At the same time, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory predicts that hydrogen prices will decline in the next few years.
In the United States, hydrogen production is also becoming cleaner. For example, California law mandates that 33% of vehicle hydrogen must come from renewable sources rather than fossil fuels. And as we reduce carbon dioxide emissions, experts predict that this number will continue to grow. Imagine the fuel of the car we drive is entirely made up of solar energy, wind energy and bioenergy (animal waste, etc.). In Japan, Toyota even has plans to use human sewage to provide energy. In the United States, there is more and more coordination among shareholders, consumers, policy makers, fuel suppliers and automakers.
Of course, people will feel that they have heard similar optimistic and positive plans. But then again, although the ardent hope of hydrogen-powered cars has never been taken into reality, it has not been buried in the dust. And existence is reasonable.
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