Everyone can often see the engine structure code such as L4, V6, W8. Xiaobian today uses the ultra-high-definition structure diagram to tell you what these codes are?
01 Inline (L) engine In-line engines are also known as L-type engines. For example, L4 stands for in-line 4-cylinder, and L3, L4, L5, and L6 in-line engines are common.
In-line is the most widely used cylinder arrangement in automobiles, especially for engines below 2.5L. It is characterized in that all cylinders are in one plane and only one cylinder head is used, and the structure of the cylinder block and the crankshaft is relatively simple. The advantages of this type of engine are compact size, high stability, low torque characteristics and low fuel consumption, and lower manufacturing costs.
The V-shaped engine divides all the cylinders into two groups, and arranges the adjacent cylinders at an angle (such as 60° or 90°) so that the two cylinders form a plane with an angle. The cylinder is V-shaped from the cross section. Like the wings of a butterfly. Commonly used are V6 and V8 engines. Engines with a displacement of 3.5L or less are often equipped with a V-shaped 6-cylinder arrangement. Engines with a displacement of 3.5L or more are arranged in a V-shaped 8-cylinder.
The V-shaped engine shortens the length and height of the body, and the lower mounting position is easy to load in a car with a lower drag coefficient. At the same time, thanks to the opposite arrangement of the cylinder, it can also offset part of the vibration and make the engine run smoother and quieter. .
The disadvantage of the V-shaped engine is that two cylinder heads must be used, which is complicated in structure and high in cost. In addition, after the width is increased, the space on both sides of the engine is small, and it is difficult to arrange other devices.
03 VR engine
In order to meet the need to install a high-powered engine laterally on low- and medium-end vehicles, the VR engine was born. Six cylinders that are angularly offset from each other by 15[deg.] or less are housed on a less wide and shorter engine block. Unlike other V-shaped engines, this type of engine has only one cylinder head and is narrower than a V-shaped engine. These advantages make it possible to install a compact VR6 engine on vehicles such as Volkswagen Golf.
This special cylinder arrangement is widely used in Volkswagen models, and has introduced two displacements of 3.2L and 3.6L. Among them, the 3.2L VR6 has been installed on the Golf R32 and the Audi TT, and the 3.6L model is used in the R36, Touareg and Phaeton models.
In order to accommodate a large number of cylinders in a more compact engine space, Volkswagen has combined the characteristics of the V-shaped engine and the VR engine to design a W-shaped engine. On a W-shaped engine, all cylinders are distributed over two cylinder banks. On the W8 and W12 engines, these cylinder groups are at a 72° V angle to each other. Like the VR engine, the angle between the cylinders in each cylinder group is 15°.
Looking at the W-shaped engine from the front, the arrangement of the cylinders is like a double V shape. Putting the left and right V-shaped cylinder groups together forms a W shape. This is the origin of the name "W-shaped engine".
The W-shaped engine can be made shorter, which saves space in the engine while reducing weight, but it is wider enough to make the engine compartment fuller. The common W-shaped engines are Volkswagen and Audi's W8 and W12 engines. This type of engine has a relatively large displacement and a relatively high displacement.
When the V-angle of the two sets of cylinders is expanded to 180°, the cylinders are arranged horizontally opposite each other, which is a horizontally opposed engine.
This type of engine is characterized by the fact that the pistons are evenly distributed on both sides of the crankshaft and move horizontally in the horizontal direction, like a boxer doing a hitting action. The moments generated by the pistons on both sides cancel each other out, greatly reducing the vibration. Because its cylinder is "flat", it reduces the center of gravity of the car, while at the same time allowing the front of the car to be flat and low. These factors contribute to improving the handling performance of the vehicle and enhancing the driving stability of the vehicle.
Due to the high manufacturing cost and process difficulty of this engine, only Porsche and Subaru are currently in use in the world. Subaru cars are almost entirely equipped with horizontally opposed engines.
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In-line is the most widely used cylinder arrangement in automobiles, especially for engines below 2.5L. It is characterized in that all cylinders are in one plane and only one cylinder head is used, and the structure of the cylinder block and the crankshaft is relatively simple. The advantages of this type of engine are compact size, high stability, low torque characteristics and low fuel consumption, and lower manufacturing costs.
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