Realtek audio chip is currently flawed in design, the impact is global

In the prevention of hackers stealing private information, people usually pay more attention to software protection, such as installing a firewall, anti-virus software, and amazingly getting a hard disk physical encryption.

However, hackers have now taken a different approach and found the most hidden part of the hardware on our computer to implement the attack - the sound card. And the recruitment rate is close to 100%!

Researchers at the University of Ben Gurion in Israel wrote a code called "Speake(a)r", which will hijack the sound card after it is implanted in the computer, even when the microphone is disabled, the headphones and speakers can be used as hands. The device is monitored.

Researchers say the implementation of this robust approach relies on a design flaw in Realtek's audio chips. The current Realtek audio chip has a special function that can reverse the signal output line into a signal input line under certain conditions. This function is convenient for the user, but it also provides an opportunity for the hacker.

Researchers say that because almost all personal PCs use Realtek audio chips (including motherboard integrated sound cards and independent sound cards), the scope of this flaw is global. And because it is a hardware-level flaw, there is currently no good way to prevent attacks with this technology, and only the next-generation Realtek audio chip can be expected to improve the design.

Realtek audio chip fatal hardware defect: PC suffers worldwide

Rotary Switches

Rotary Switches

The Rotary Switches, different with Key Switches, Metal Switches, Toggle Switches and Automotive Switches, is mainly installed on liquid and gas pipelines to regulate the flow and pressure of liquids and gases. When used, turn the handle to drive the adjusting nut to rotate, and connect the left-hand thread of the valve through the left-hand thread. Drive the valve to move right or left to change the cross-sectional area of the right hole passage in the valve body cavity, so as to adjust the liquid and gas in the upper outlet pipe.


Rotary Switches


The Electrical Rotary Switch is a switch that controls the opening and closing of the main contact by rotating the handle.There are two types of rotary switches, namely a unipolar unit structure and a multi-pole multi-position structure. Unipolar unit rotary switches are often used in conjunction with rotary potentiometers in applications, while multi-pole multi-position rotary switches are often used for switching of operating line.

Multi Position Rotary Switch, because of its use, the overall use of sealed structure, there is a certain degree of waterproof effect, the basic can reach the IP67 waterproof level.At the same time need to use a more rigid and durable metal material, there are two or three files in the gear difference.


Electrical Rotary Switch

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