The starting point for any space design is human vision. Lighting designers need to understand the visual requirements of the decor, the architect's space, and enhance the lighting charm in the space, thus giving the space a rich visual level. Office space usually requires a relatively uniform light distribution, providing comfortable and soft light to serve people's work. The two most common lighting methods are direct lighting and indirect lighting.
Direct lighting
Direct illumination is the easiest way to meet the illuminance of the space. Light is evenly distributed over the horizontal areas of our countertops, conference tables and floors. It is an economical way to illuminate.
One of the most common examples: a ceiling height of 2.8 meters, using a 3 x 14W embedded T5 fluorescent panel. The center distance of the lamps is 2.4m × 2.4m, which satisfies the desktop uniform illumination of 300Lx. It is an advantage of this lighting technique to consume less power and provide more light.
Figure: Direct lighting. According to the conditions of the above example, the DIALux simulation results are used - the average illuminance of the desktop is 355Lx, and the average illumination of the ground is 309Lx.
Everything has its advantages and disadvantages, and direct lighting is no exception. Because the main direction of the light is directly from the top, it is easy to produce a cave with a dark ceiling and a bright desktop. Moreover, the brightness of the lamp itself is relatively high, and it is easy to produce a strong reflective spot on the computer display - called "light curtain reflection glare". Working in this environment for a long time is prone to visual fatigue. Therefore, we generally only use this method for medium and low-end office areas.
When we know the pros and cons of direct lighting, we can use the corresponding solution: use translucent materials such as acrylic plates or parabolic metal gratings to reduce the brightness of the light-emitting surface of the lamps. Flexibly adjust the relative position of the installation point of the luminaire to the display to reduce the chance of glare.
The example photo in the picture below uses this kind of compensation method, and at the same time, using the appropriate space illumination contrast and space material, it creates a “hard, cool†industrial office space that is suitable for the design studio.
Indirect lighting
When designing space for high-end corporate offices, customers prefer to adopt a more space-efficient environment to create a relaxed environment.
The best working environment, of course, works under even natural light. Usually, we use a light trough to illuminate the contour of the ceiling to create a feeling of natural light. With the brightness of the ceiling, the space is no longer too simple, with a certain decorative lighting effect and a good visual experience. However, the conventional framed light trough can only provide illumination of about 50Lx, and the light of the light trough cannot illuminate the center of the ceiling. The office space required for illumination at 300Lx is usually insufficient. Additional lights are needed to illuminate the space.
We can hand over the task of indirect lighting to the hoisting indirect lighting fixture. It is also the key to the indirect lighting method of simulating the light trough. It will illuminate 90%~100% of the light to the ceiling, and make it more uniform through the ceiling. Ground-to-space lighting. Different from the light trough, we can arrange the lamps at will, using dot matrix arrangement or line array arrangement to form a more orderly ceiling space.
Figure: The indirect luminaires arranged in a line form the space feeling of “the sky is perfectâ€, and the height of the space is “raisedâ€.
We call this kind of lighting method "indirect lighting". We use this method to deal with the space, provide a soft light environment, so that we can concentrate on the work, and the reflected glare on the screen is also controlled. At the same time, the installation of the luminaire is less interfered by the internal structure of the ceiling, and the installation is also convenient.
The disadvantage of indirect lighting is that it is easy to over-illuminate indoor ceilings, creating a sense of primary and secondary, and because the lights are reflected twice, in order to meet the illumination requirements, we need to use more power and pay more electricity. Therefore, it needs to be considered according to the actual situation during design.
Semi-indirect lighting
At this point, you may ask: In the space design of this kind of space, can you make the function and decoration "fish and bear's paw"? The answer is "Yes"!
Introduce you to a lighting technique: semi-indirect lighting. It absorbs the spatial functional requirements of direct illumination, meets our work lighting needs, and also realizes the secondary definition of space, showing the wide space and better integration of heaven and earth. Semi-indirect lighting combines the advantages of both direct and indirect, and is widely used in open offices, independent offices and residential study rooms.
Figure: Light forms a form of reconciliation between heaven and earth in space - "fish and bear's paw"!
The semi-indirect lighting method maintains a suitable brightness ratio in space, making it ideal for use in common open office areas.
In the choice of semi-indirect lighting fixtures, we must consider the glare control of the lower beam, thereby reducing the discomfort of the glare above the head of the user. With the high-efficiency energy-saving light source and luminaire, the light distribution control through the corresponding optical device can effectively eliminate the reflection glare of the screen, and does not produce excessive shadow feeling on the physical expression of the object.
In terms of energy saving, semi-indirect lighting is between direct and indirect lighting. The relationship between the power and illuminance of these lamps is different from the common experience values, and the use of professional manufacturers requires guidance.
In addition, it is worth reminding that indirect lighting and semi-indirect lighting have higher requirements on space height, and generally require a space of more than 3 meters in ceiling height to meet the sufficient diffusion of indirect lighting.
Figure: Comparison of three lighting methods
Figure: Professional semi-indirect lighting fixtures give a professional and stable sense of space. Linear semi-indirect lighting fixtures are easy to create a sense of space.
Below, we illustrate some semi-indirect lighting with some case effects:
Case effect one:
Left: Professional semi-indirect lighting fixtures make people feel comfortable in the space
Right: Only the space of the direct illumination panel is used, the ceiling is darker and the spatial contrast is larger.
Case effect 2: The use of dimmable semi-indirect lighting fixtures can meet the lighting needs of multimedia conference rooms and achieve different lighting scenarios.
to sum up
In the three lighting methods of direct illumination, indirect illumination and semi-indirect illumination, different spatial shading relationships are formed, and there is no absolute good or bad. The essence of this kind of spatial contrast is not the standard of judgment of right and wrong. The key is to use the customer's needs, space requirements, and the user's personal experience. Combined with the rigorous calculations of professional manufacturers, the most suitable lighting methods and products are available.
Office building lighting standards and energy saving requirements
GB50034-2013 office building lighting standard value
According to the requirements of "Architectural Lighting Design Standards" GB50034-2013, the standard values ​​of office building lighting should meet the requirements of the following table:
Standard description:
1. The illuminance standard value specified in this standard refers to maintaining the average illuminance value, which is the average illuminance on the specified surface at the time when the illuminating device must be maintained, which is required to ensure visual safety and visual effects during work. Illumination. Maintain the average illuminance value (according to the actual use and maintenance of the site multiplied by the appropriate maintenance factor, the office level is clean, it is recommended to wipe the luminaire 2 times / year, the maintenance factor is 0.8) should not be lower than the illuminance standard value;
2. This article is basically the same as the original national standard GB50034-2004, except that the video conference room and service hall have been added.
3. In other buildings, there will also be offices, conference rooms and other places, such as scientific research offices, finance offices, accounting rooms, process rooms, business rooms, etc. The lighting design for these places is also applicable to this standard.
4. In addition to the illuminance standard value, the general illumination illuminance uniformity (U0) and color rendering index (Ra) should not be lower than the values ​​specified in the table. It can be seen from the requirements of the color rendering index that fluorescent lamps made of halogen powder should not be used in the work or stay in a room or place (usually the color rendering index is 60-70), and LED lamps with an Ra value lower than 80 should not be used. use.
Comparison of domestic and international lighting standards for office buildings
Standard description:
1. The office is divided into two categories, ordinary and high-grade, and the illuminance standards are separately formulated. This is more suitable for the needs of different building levels and different regions in China. The average illuminance of our current office is mostly between 200-400lx. The illumination of CIE, the United States, Germany, and the European Union is 500lx, Japan is 750lx, and only Russia is 300lx. According to China's situation, this standard sets the general office to 300lx and the high-end office to 500lx.
2. According to the current illuminance of conference rooms, reception rooms and front desks in China, the average is between 200-400lx, the average illumination is 358lx, and the CIE and some national standards are between 200-500lx. This standard is set to 300lx.
3. According to the current illuminance status of the business halls in China, most of them are between 200-300lx, while the United States is 300-500lx, and this standard is set to 300lx.
4. The illumination of the design room is consistent with the illumination of the high-end office. This standard is set to 500lx.
5. According to the current illuminance status of document sorting, copying and distribution room in China, most of the illuminance is between 250-350lx, with an average of 324lx. The CIE standard is 300lx, the US standard is 100-300lx, and the Japanese is 500lx. This standard is set to 300lx.
6. The CIE, Japan and EU standards of the data room and archives are both 200lx, and this standard is set to 200lx.
7. The uniform glare value (UGR) and color rendering index (Ra) of each room in the office building are based on the CIE standard "Indoor Workplace Lighting" S 008/E-2001.
8. Office building uniformity (U0) is based on the European "Indoor Workplace Lighting" EN 12464-1 (2011).
GB50034-2013 office building lighting power density limit
Standard description:
1. People-oriented is the proper meaning of lighting. The evaluation of lighting energy-saving should be carried out on the premise of meeting the required illumination and lighting quality requirements. Energy savings that do not meet the illumination and lighting quality requirements are meaningless.
2. Lighting energy saving should use the lighting power density value (LPD) of general lighting as the evaluation index. General lighting refers to uniform illumination that is set to illuminate the entire location. Lighting Power Density (LPD) is the lighting installation power per unit area of ​​the room. Note: The power of the light source, ballast or transformer, in W/m2.
3. The illumination power density limit should not be used as the basis for designing the illuminance. The illuminance should be calculated first in the design, and the number of lamps used and the lighting load (including the light source, ballast or transformer, etc.) should be calculated under the premise of meeting the illuminance standard value. The auxiliary equipment of the lamp is used, and the LPD value is used for the checksum evaluation.
4. The standard specifies two types of illumination power density values, the current value and the target value. The current value is implemented when the standard is implemented. The target value is reduced by about 10%-20% compared with the current value. It is predicted that after several years, with the advancement of lighting technology, the energy efficiency level of lighting products such as light source lamps will be improved, and thus the lighting energy. The consumption will be reduced to a certain extent.
5. This article is mandatory. Lighting designs that do not meet the current values ​​of lighting power density are "unreasonable" designs and require an optimized solution. Technical measures and methods to reduce the LPD value: 1) correctly select the illuminance standard to; 2) select the best lighting mode; 3) select efficient energy-saving electric light source; 4) select high-efficiency energy-saving lighting fixtures.
6. This article is mandatory. When the illuminance standard value is increased or decreased according to the standard, such as the area where the operation is performed for a short time, the area adjacent to the work surface, etc., the LPD value should be increased or decreased proportionally. Nothing other than this can be increased or reduced.
Comparison of lighting power density values ​​of office buildings at home and abroad
Standard description:
1. This standard has revised the lighting power density limit of the original GB50034-2004. The original standard target value is considered to be feasible at this stage.
2. At present, the United States, Japan, Russia and other countries have adopted the lighting power density (LPD) as an energy-saving evaluation index for architectural lighting. This standard also adopts this evaluation standard.
3, please pay attention to the requirements of the LPD value, it is necessary to control the corresponding illuminance requirements.
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