A semiconductor light emitting diode (LED) is a new type of all solid state lighting device. It has the advantages of high energy efficiency, low voltage and low current operation, rich colors, long life, high reliability and environmental protection. It is a new generation of energy-saving lighting products; the market prospect is broad, and all countries in the world, especially developed countries, will list LEDs. Support and promote strategic industries. In April 2007, Fujian Province took the lead in issuing the “Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Development of LED and Solar Photovoltaic Industry in Fujian Province (2007-2010)†(hereinafter referred to as “Opinionsâ€) to promote the development of the LED industry. The LED industry cluster on the west coast of the Straits has been formed with Xiamen as the center and radiating from Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Fuzhou, Longyan and Putian. Based on the analysis of the status quo and problems of the LED industry, this paper proposes some countermeasures to further promote the sustainable and rapid development of the LED industry in Fujian.
First, the status quo of industrial development
1. The scale continues to grow
The LED industry in Fujian is a characteristic industry with a relatively early start and rapid development in the country. According to incomplete statistics, as of 2009, the province's LED enterprises reached more than 200. In 2009, the output value reached 9 billion yuan, an increase of 1.6 times over 2007, and the average annual growth rate reached 30%, becoming the new economic growth of the province's information industry. point.
2. Industry aggregation effects have emerged
At present, the LED industry in Fujian basically covers the upper, middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain; the products mainly include LED epitaxy, chip production, LED devices and supporting materials, LED road lighting, LED backlight, LED screen display and other application products. There are 12 industrial parks with LED and solar photovoltaic as the leading industries in the province, mainly distributed in Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Yunxiao, Hua'an, Changting and other places. The regional industrial agglomeration effect has already appeared. Among them, Xiamen is the country's seven major LED industry bases, the first batch of four semiconductor lighting engineering industrialization bases, and the largest production base of domestic LED epitaxial wafers and chips. The technology of chip production and high-power packaging is at the domestic leading level. The two red-yellow LED epitaxial and chip manufacturing enterprises rank first in China, among which Xiamen Sanan Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. was successfully listed in 2008, which is in China's capital market. The only listed company with the core product of the LED industry as its core business.
3. Significant achievements in the docking of Fujian and Taiwan
In recent years, through the holding of cross-strait industrial project matchmaking meetings, Taiwan businessmen and industry intermediaries have been inspected to inspect the province's optoelectronic industrial parks, seminars, fairs and other investment activities. A number of Taiwanese companies producing high-end LED chips and application products have settled in Fujian. According to incomplete statistics, as of May 2010, Taiwan has invested in more than 40 projects in the LED industry in Fujian. Among them, Taiwan's largest LED chip and epitaxial wafer manufacturer Jingyuan Optoelectronics has produced high-end LED chips in Xiamen; Quanzhou Harmony Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. relies on Taiwan's LED industry technology and management team to develop high-end semiconductor lighting (LED) chips and applications. Products; Fujian Guangquan Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. LED and photovoltaic application integration product project is under construction.
4. Brand competitiveness has been enhanced
In 2009, RS-B1 ultra-bright power red LED chip developed by Xiamen Sanan Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. won the title of “2009 China LED Technology Innovation Awardâ€, and the company was selected as “2009 China LED Technology Excellent Enterprise (Extension Chip)â€. Changtai County Thaksin Group authorized 43 patents, including 7 invention patents and 2 international patent (PCT) applications. The two brands “Hed letter†and “Ridaxin†have been registered in 78 countries around the world and won "China's inspection-free products" and "Fujian famous brand" title. Sanming Jiguang Lighting Technology Co., Ltd. has obtained 3 utility model patents and 1 design patent.
Second, the industrial development advantage
1, first-mover advantage
The LED industry in Fujian started earlier. It has formed a pattern of LED industrial bases in the west coast of the Straits, which is centered on Xiamen, radiating from Zhangzhou, Quanzhou and Fuzhou. The output value is nearly 10 billion yuan, and the development scale has leapt to the forefront of the country. At the same time, Fujian's medium-sized LCD panels and LCD modules have become one of the largest industrial clusters in China, and also provide favorable conditions for the development of LED backlight products in Fujian.
2, cost advantage
In recent years, Fujian has vigorously built the economic zone on the west side of the Straits. The central government and various ministries and commissions have given priority to the policy support. The cooperation between Haixi and the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta is closer. The industrial agglomeration effect and attractiveness brought by the Hercynian effect are further It is highlighted that Haixi has become a main place for the "Liangyang Triangle" and the "Pearl River Delta". In terms of labor cost and land price, it still has a comparative advantage compared with the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. The middle and lower reaches of the LED industry are characterized by manpower intensiveness, so the operating costs of investing in Fujian are relatively low.
3. Location advantage
Fujian and Taiwan are connected by one water. The "five-edge" advantage of "near geography, blood relatives, deep knowledge, wide commercial ties, and long-term legality" is obvious. In recent years, under the impetus of the construction of the economic zone on the west coast of the Straits, especially with the realization of the big three links, many Taiwan-funded enterprises have become the main force in the development of LED industry in Fujian. In recent years, Taiwan’s optoelectronic industry has a capacity of about 30% to Fujian. At the same time, Fujian is the first pilot area for cross-strait exchanges and cooperation, and an integrated hub for direct cross-strait exchanges, and Taiwan Electrical and Electronic Association, Taiwan Optoelectronic Industry Association, Taiwan Lighting Association, Taiwan Industrial Technology Institute, Hong Kong Photoelectric Association, Hong Kong Academy of Sciences The exchanges and cooperation between the guild and scientific research institutions are frequent, which plays a very good role in promoting the development of the LED industry in Fujian.
Third, the main problems
1. Lack of core technology
At present, LED related patents are basically controlled by developed countries, and Fujian LED industry lacks core technologies with independent intellectual property rights. Xiamen, Putian and Zhangzhou reflect that most of the LED components, important materials and special equipment are basically imported or supplied by the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta enterprises. For example, high-end products produced by Fushun, Jinda and other application companies in Lutian Development Zone of Luzhou City use chips from Japan or Taiwan; LED modules in LED backlight products produced by Putian New Century Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. rely on imports and imports. The value accounts for 40% of the total value of the product; the production equipment of Changting County Aituo Electronics Co., Ltd. also depends on imports.
2. The development of the industrial chain is uneven and the matching is poor.
The LED industry chain is mainly composed of five parts: substrate material fabrication, epitaxial wafer growth, chip preparation, packaging and downstream application product production. Although the LED industry in Fujian basically covers the upper, middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain, most of the enterprises are still processing-oriented, with more repeated construction among enterprises, and the development of the industrial chain is unbalanced and the matching is poor. First, the development of the industrial chain is not balanced. The LED industry in Xiamen has an inverted pyramid development model, that is, the upstream is strong, the downstream is weak, there are not many downstream industrial projects, and the product application development is insufficient. The LED enterprises in Quanzhou are mainly distributed in the middle and downstream low value-added links of packaging and application, and less. Involved in the high value-added substrates, epitaxial wafers, chips, etc.; many LED companies in Putian City have the same performance and quality, and the industry chain is not complementary. Most of the LED optoelectronic enterprises in Cangzhou City are mainly engaged in the development and production of applied products, mainly involving energy-saving lighting. The industrial chain only extends to the package, and the upstream chips and epitaxial wafers are almost blank. Second, the clustering effect of industrial clusters is weak. In addition to Xiamen, the distribution of LED enterprises in other regions of Fujian is relatively scattered, and due to the gap in quality, cost and standards, there is a lack of support and cooperation between the upstream, middle and downstream industrial chains, and the clustering effect of industrial clusters is weak. For example, the chips produced by Xiamen Sanan Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. are mainly sold to Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, etc., while the high-end products produced by Fushun, Jinda and other application companies in Lantian Development Zone of Bozhou City mostly use Japanese or Taiwanese chips; Yongding The raw materials and main accessories required for the production of County Desheng Optoelectronics Co., Ltd., such as LED diodes, batteries, chips, etc., are mainly purchased from Shenzhen, Dongguan and Taiwan.
3. Lack of talent
Fujian LED high-tech talent resources are in short supply, the total number of talents is small, the structure is irrational, especially the lack of middle and high-level professional and compound talents, and the academic leaders and technical leaders are scarce. First, skilled workers are in short supply. For example, Putian City Huihui Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. currently lacks 100 people, and the labor shortage rate is 30%; Youxi County Ao Laite Lighting Co., Ltd. is currently unable to recruit skilled workers; Changting County Aituo Electronics Co., Ltd. is currently skilled workers There are 60 people missing and the work rate is 37.5%. Second, there is a lack of senior technical and managerial talents. For example, Changtai County Thaksin Group currently has 308 LED technology talents, 110 people still missing, 128 scientific research personnel, and 52 people still missing; Quanzhou Harmony Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. currently has 2 senior technical personnel, gap 4-5 People; Fujian Jianeng Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. reflects the difficulty in recruiting management talents. The high-educated and experienced high-end talents are in short supply. At present, there are 16 senior technical talents; Yongding County Desheng Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. currently has 6-7 scientific research personnel. , gap 3-4 people.
4. Enterprise financing difficulties, shortage of funds
Due to the high input cost and slow output efficiency of the LED industry, the source of funds for enterprises mainly comes from bank loans, but the bank financing mortgage and pledge requirements are high, which makes corporate financing more difficult. For example, Fujian Strait Cailiang Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. has an annual production plan of 200 million yuan. Due to lack of funds, the monthly average production capacity is only 5 million yuan; Yongding County Desheng Photoelectric Co., Ltd. currently has a liquidity gap of 10 million yuan; Putian City Huihui Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. Technology Co., Ltd. and Putian Kepurui Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. reflected that due to insufficient collateral, enterprises could not achieve financing and could not expand production scale; Quanzhou Harmony Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. currently invests 400 million yuan, still need to raise 200 million yuan due to lack of effective mortgage Things, the current fundraising is struggling.
5. Support is not enough
Some places lack specific measures in terms of talents, capital, and industrial R&D. For example, in terms of talents, it has not yet formulated targeted supporting measures for the introduction of talents in the LED industry, which is insufficient for the attraction of senior talents; in terms of funds, it has not specifically supported the financing difficulties of enterprises. Some enterprises in Putian report that the current LED products are still emerging products, and enterprises need a lot of funds in research and development, market development, etc., and urgently need preferential policies such as tax reduction and financial subsidies. Such as: Fujian Putian Kepurui Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. R & D, raw material costs accounted for 90% of product sales revenue, paid 5% of all types of tax burden, the company is currently operating at a loss.
Fourth, countermeasures and suggestions
1. Further enhance the industrial agglomeration effect
First, continue to do a good job in supporting projects and leading projects, improve the industrial chain, expand the industrial cluster, and enhance the industrial agglomeration effect; second, strengthen the R&D system of industrial clusters, strengthen the standardization system of industrial clusters, and accelerate the development of intermediary services within industrial clusters. System construction, improve the information system construction of industrial clusters.
2. Strengthen talent introduction and training, and establish LED talent training and reserve mechanism
First, relying on colleges and vocational and technical schools to establish training and testing bases, vigorously cultivate high- and medium-level professional and technical talents and skilled workers in the industry; second, through the work of skill training and appraisal stations, guide enterprise employees to conduct vocational skills training, appraisal and Participate in vocational skill competitions, improve the quality of employees and promote the sustainable development of the industry.
3. Increase capital investment and expand financing channels
The first is to set up a special fund for LED industry development, which is mainly used for the construction of public technology platforms, enterprise technology transformation, new product development, LED and solar photovoltaic application demonstration project subsidies, advanced technology and management talents rewards; Funding, the guiding role of innovation funds for small and medium-sized enterprises in science and technology; the third is to guide the entry of venture capital funds and private funds, and actively carry out the docking work between enterprises and venture capital guiding funds; fourth, actively explore the pilot work of LED small and medium enterprise collective credit funds; It is actively encouraging and creating conditions to promote the listing of Fujian LED enterprises on the GEM.
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