This paper discusses in detail the six design steps for LED lighting system design: (1) determining lighting requirements; (2) determining design target estimation optics; (3) efficiency of thermal and electrical systems; and (4) calculating the number of LEDs required; ) All designs may be considered to select the best design; (6) complete the final steps. Although an interior lighting design is exemplified herein, the described design process can be used in any LED lighting design .
LEDs for today's lighting applications have the brightness, efficiency, lifetime, color temperature and white point stability required for general lighting. As a result, most types of LEDs are used in general lighting applications, including roads, parking areas, and indoor directional lighting. In these applications, LED-based lighting reduces total cost of ownership (TCO) because no maintenance is required (because LEDs have a much longer life than conventional bulbs) and energy consumption is reduced.
More than 20 billion lamps worldwide use incandescent, halogen or fluorescent lamps. Many of these luminaires are used for directional illumination, but all use illuminating lights in all directions. The US Department of Energy (DOE) says that in new residential buildings, downlights are the most common type of lighting installed. In addition, the DOE reports that ceiling lamps with non-reflective lamps are typically only 50% efficient, meaning that half of the light generated by such lamps is wasted into the fixture.
In contrast, lighting-grade LEDs have an efficient, directional illumination of at least 50,000 hours. Indoor lighting designed with all the advantages of lighting-grade LEDs has the following advantages:
1 more than all incandescent and halogen lamps
2 comparable to even the best CFL (compact fluorescent) downlights
3 Compared to these luminaires, the life before repair is 5 to 50 times longer
4 Reduce the impact of light on the environment: no mercury, low power station pollution, low waste disposal costs.
Is the light still a light?
Designing LEDs in general lighting requires a choice between two methods, either to design a complete LED-based illumination or to design an LED-based lamp that is mounted to an existing fixture. In general, a complete lighting design has better optical, thermal, and electrical performance than a retrofit lamp because existing fixtures do not constrain the design. It is more important for the target application whether the overall system performance of the new lighting is important or the convenience of the retrofitted lamp, which is up to the designer.
Design method for existing lighting
If the target application is better to construct a new type of LED illumination, then the light output of the illumination is designed to have multiple advantages over or equal to existing illumination matching. First, existing designs have been optimized for target applications, providing guidance when determining design goals around light output, cost, and work environment. Second, the dimensions of existing designs have been recognized. If the form factor is the same, it is easier for the end user to convert to LED lighting.
Unfortunately, some LED lighting manufacturers have misreported or exaggerated the efficiency and lifetime characteristics of LED lighting. In the early years of CFL replacement of light bulbs, the lighting industry encountered similar problems. The lack of industry standards and the huge differences in early product quality have delayed the adoption of CFL technology for many years. The US Department of Energy recognizes that early LED lighting may also have the same standards and quality issues, and that these issues may delay the use of LED lighting in a similar manner. In response, the US Department of Energy launched the "DOE SSL Commercial Product Test Program (CPTP)" to test the indicators claimed by LED lighting manufacturers. The program tests the following four characteristics of LED lighting anonymously: illumination light output (lumen),
Lighting efficiency (lumen per watt), correlated color temperature (Kelvin), color rendering index.
DOE's CPTP puts the focus on the available light output of the illumination, not just the light output of the illumination, which sets a good precedent for LED lighting design.
The concept of lights may be out of date
LEDs have a long service life, which may make the concept of the lamp obsolete. Illuminated LEDs do not experience catastrophic failure like light bulbs. In contrast, lighting-grade LEDs have a lifetime of at least 50,000 hours before gradual degradation to 70% of their initial light output flux (also known as lumen maintenance), which means 5.7 years of continuous illumination!
However, in most lighting environments, the lights are extinguished regularly. This extinguishing period is sufficient to extend the life of the LED to more than 30 years, as shown in curve 1. After so many years, LED lighting will be “burned outâ€, while the lighting under LED lighting technology will be brighter and more efficient, and it is likely to save TCO compared to old-fashioned LED lighting.
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