We usually need to check the areas inside the restricted area. In the medical field, endoscopes are used to see through the body to inspect organs. The endoscope can examine the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and urinary tract, and internal organs through a small incision. The endoscope collects images through its long or tough, long tube. Additional instruments for cutting, grasping, and other functions are typically attached to the endoscope for minimally invasive surgery that improves medical care and reduces recovery time. Articles that are used in technical applications to inspect a defined area are often referred to as borescopes. The borescope is used to inspect the inside of the machine, build walls, and search for casualties in collapsed buildings.
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Endoscopes or borescopes have the following four basic requirements:
Illuminating the light source of the subject;
a conduit that directs light;
a lens or fiber optic system that collects light reflected from the subject;
An image acquisition system that captures, processes, and stores or displays images.
TI's extensive product portfolio supports the entire image chain: generating lights, acquiring images, signal conditioning and image processing.
LED drivers provide bright light sources with excellent directivity and low residual heat. These drivers are versatile and allow LEDs to be selected to achieve the spectral requirements for the application. The resolution of the current step affects the precision of the lighting control; the 14-bit LED controller supports precise control of the illumination level and illumination timing.
The image sensor can detect the emitted light and convert the light into an analog electrical signal. The low noise line driver needs to send a signal to an area outside the length of the light pipe based on the position of the image sensor. The key considerations for line drivers are low power consumption, noise immunity, and data rate. LVDS technology provides 800Mbps, low voltage swing and high common mode noise rejection.
The analog front end (AFE) is critical to the final image quality. The AFE adjusts the sensor's analog electrical signal and converts the image information into a digital representation. The ability to adjust the signal to the correct sensor-induced distortion (such as dark current cancellation, reset level variation, defective pixel correction, and DC offset variation) is an important factor in choosing an AFE. The presence or absence of a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), the linearity of the PGA, and the range of available gain are also important, depending on the signal level. During the digitization process, the number of bits will determine the contrast of the image. Typically, the initial data needs to be digitized into data that is 2 to 4 bits higher than the number of bits required for the final image. Therefore, if 8-bit final image data is required, it should initially be digitized to 10 bits to allow for rounding errors during image processing. Ultimately, when color reproduction becomes critical, differential and integral nonlinear distortion (DNL, INL) should be minimized.
Endoscope: An illumination optical instrument used to see through the body and examine organs such as the throat or esophagus. The endoscope can be rigid or flexible.
Professional endoscopes are named according to their specific viewing object. Examples include the following professional names: cystoscope (bladder), nephroscope (kidney), bronchoscope (bronchial), laryngoscope (throat and throat), otoscope (ear), arthroscopy (joint), laparoscopy (abdominal) , gastrointestinal mirror.
Endoscope system block diagram
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