The "Civil Building Lighting Design Standards" (GBJ133-90, hereinafter referred to as "Licensing Standards") explains the emergency lighting in the appendix as: Lighting that is activated due to a malfunction of the normal lighting power supply, also called accident lighting. In real life, in order to ensure the safety of personnel in the building, emergency lighting is a very important safety facility, but the implementation of various norms and standards has made some specific provisions have obvious differences. The following are some of the author's learning and practical experience, and communicate with peers, hoping to get corrections and enlightenment from colleagues.
First, the content of emergency lighting:
The International Electrotechnical Commission's IEC "Emergency Lighting" standard divides emergency lighting into evacuation lighting and standby lighting. The International Lighting Commission's CIE publication "Guidelines for Emergency Lighting in Buildings" and China's "Photographing" classify emergency lighting into evacuation lighting. , safety lighting and backup lighting. The content of the emergency lighting is the same. The difference is whether the safety lighting is treated independently. The IEC standard categorizes the safety lighting into the standby lighting. However, in actual use, the safety lighting and the standby lighting are different in the setting place and processing method. It is more appropriate to separate the two. Articles 4, 1 and 2 of the "Photographing" are formulated: "The types of lighting can be divided into normal lighting, emergency lighting, duty lighting, guard lighting and obstacle lighting. Emergency lighting can include evacuation lighting, safety lighting and standby lighting."
Also mentioned in the fire protection code "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings" (GB50045-95, hereinafter referred to as "High Regulations") and "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design" (GBJ16-87 Revision, hereinafter referred to as "Low Regulations") Emergency lighting, referred to herein as emergency lighting, should be understood as just one form of emergency lighting. Due to the continuous occurrence of fires in recent years, design engineers have considered the emergency lighting as an emergency lighting in the fire. In fact, the extension of emergency lighting referred to in the "photographing" is larger than the fire emergency lighting, because the failure of the normal lighting power supply should include the normal power supply blackout, or the emergency power failure in the event of fire, earthquake, air defense, etc. can. Therefore, the design of the engineering emergency lighting system must not only meet the requirements of the fire emergency lighting system required by the fire protection specification, but also meet the requirements of the overall emergency lighting system of various specifications or standards.
Second, the understanding of evacuation lighting:
According to the interpretation of the "photograph": evacuation lighting, as part of emergency lighting, to ensure that the safe exit channel can be effectively identified and applied, so that people can safely evacuate the building. From the perspective of the use of functions, the author believes that it can be divided into induced indicator lighting and evacuation general lighting. The induction indicator light is used to identify the direction of the safety exit and the position of the safety exit. The evacuation general illumination is used for the channel to be effectively applied, to avoid collision of obstacles by personnel, and it is easy to find fire alarm buttons, fire fighting equipment and Distribution box, etc. In fact, when people are evacuating a place, if the local illumination is higher, the quicker and more confident the action is, the more confident the CIE requires, the evacuation lighting should not be less than 0.2lx. Considering the practical experience, the "photographing" stipulates that the ground level illumination of evacuation lighting should not be lower than 0.5lx. The "high regulations" and "low standard" stipulate that the emergency illumination for evacuation should have a minimum ground illumination of less than 0.5lx. The "Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings" (JGJ/T16-92, hereinafter referred to as "People's Regulations") has more specific provisions, but the terms are not completely consistent in each specification. Summarize the various provisions of the norms and standards, and summarize the design requirements for evacuation lighting as follows:
Category design requires setting place
When the safety indicator light of the induction indicator light is normal: the mark can be recognized at a distance of 30m, and its brightness should not be lower than 15cd/m2, not higher than 300cd/m2 (CIE recommended standard).
In case of emergency: the sign can be recognized at a distance of 20m. Auditorium, multi-purpose hall, waiting (machine) hall, stairway of hospital ward, evacuation exit.
Multi-storey building with a floor area of ​​>1500m2, a business hall, and an auditorium with an area of ​​>200m2.
Exhibition halls, business halls, refuge floors and safety exits in high-rise buildings (except for second-class buildings).
Underground buildings with a densely populated area of ​​>300 m2.
When the evacuation indicator light is normal: the mark can be recognized at a distance of 20m, and its brightness should not be lower than 15cd/m2, not higher than 300cd/m2 (CIE recommended standard).
In case of emergency: the sign can be recognized at a distance of 15m. Evacuation walkways and stairwells in hospital wards.
Evacuation walkways in high-rise public buildings and inner walkways of length >20m.
Smoke-proof stairwell and its front room, fire elevator and its front room.
Evacuation general lighting normal lighting coordination arrangement.
The horizontal illumination of the ground should be >0.5lx (1lx for civil air defense and 0.2lx for auditorium access ground)
The ground level illuminance should be more than 5lx (detailed 2). Evacuation walkways in high-rise public buildings and inner walkways of length >20m.
Smoke-proof stairwell and its front room, fire elevator and its front room.
Description:
1. Evacuation lighting can use battery as backup power supply, and the continuous power supply time should not be less than 20min. The continuous power supply time of high-rise buildings with height exceeding 100m should not be less than 30min, and the power supply time of refuge layer should not be less than 1.00h.
2, generally avoid encountering obstacles, see the minimum illumination value of the road is 0.2lx, but should consider the impact of smoke on the illumination of the evacuation illumination in case of fire. There have been experiments to prove that the ground illumination value of the evacuation aisle illumination is 5lx. At the time of the concentration of smoke, the ground has a illuminance value of 1.8 to 2.0 lx. At this time, it is difficult to distinguish the orientation, but it can also be evacuated. If the illuminance value is low, the orientation cannot be discerned and the evacuation cannot be made.
3. The 24th, 7th and 2nd regulations of the "People's Regulations" stipulate: "The following parts shall be provided with standby lighting in the event of a fire accident:
(1) Evacuation stairs (including the front room of the smoke-proof stairwell), the fire elevator and its front room.
......
(7) Evacuation walkways in public buildings and inner walkways with a length of more than 20 m in residential buildings. â€
The author believes that the above-mentioned (1) (7) two sets of emergency lighting, not standby lighting, should be evacuated lighting, it is used to "make people safely evacuate buildings" lighting, not to continue or temporarily continue to work. The lighting provided is also listed as Evacuation Lighting in Tables C, 3 and 12 of Appendix C of the Civil Code. In addition, the "fire elevator and its front room" should be "fire elevator room and its front room".
4. In Tables 24, 7 and 5 of the “People's Regulationsâ€, the location lists the fire evacuation sign lighting in the elevator car, and the fire evacuation sign lighting shall be provided in the front room of the (fire) elevator.
5. The appendix C, 3 and 6 of the “People's Regulations†stipulates: “Evacuation lighting should be located at the top of the safety exit, evacuation of the walkway and the corner of the corner below 1 m below the ground...â€, “Evacuation lighting†Should be changed to "induction indicator lighting".
It is worth reminding that in the actual engineering design, the designers often only do the design of the induced indicator lighting, and ignore the design of the evacuation general lighting, which should attract the attention of the peers.